Assessing the impact of public education on a preventable zoonotic disease: rabies

Hasanov, Eldar; Zeynalova, Shalala; Geleishvili, Marika; Maes, Edmond F.; Tongren, Eric Jon; Marshall, Edith S.; Banyard, Ashley C.; McElhinney, L. M.; Whatmore, Adrian M.; Fooks, Anthony R.; Horton, Daniel L.

doi:10.1017/s0950268817002850

Cited by 56 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Improvement in rabies awareness through the development of education campaigns has been recognised as a key factor in order to control the infection [5]. The delivery of these activities has been proven beneficial not only to provide the community with accurate information on disease prevention, but to improve their attitude concerning dog vaccination and engagement with rabies surveillance [13,45,46]. A similar regression analysis also showed that education was positively associated with the owner's intention to vaccinate their dog [44].…”

Section: Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a mass canine rabies vaccination campaign in both rural and urban regions in southern Malawi

Sánchez-Soriano

Gibson

Gamble³

et al. 2020

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Rabies is a devastating zoonotic disease causing nearly 60,000 deaths globally each year. The disease causes Malawi an economic loss of 13 million USD and kills almost 500 people annually. Domestic dogs are the main reservoir for rabies and vaccinating over 70% of the dog population is the most efficient method to reduce its incidence in both humans and canines. However, achieving such coverages is often difficult and depend on many geospatial factors. Rural and pastoral regions are considered difficult to vaccinate efficiently due to low dog densities, and reports of campaigns spanning large areas containing vastly different communities are lacking. This study describes a mass canine vaccination campaign covering rural and urban regions in southern Malawi. The campaign achieved an average vaccination coverage of 83.4% across 3 districts, and vaccinated over 89,000 dogs through a combined static point and door-to-door effort. A dog population of 107,574 dogs was estimated (dog:human ratio of 1:23). The canine population was found to be almost completely owned (99.2%) and mostly kept for security purposes (82.7%). The dogs were mainly adults, males, and not neutered. Regression analysis identified education level and proportion of young dogs as the only factors influencing (positively and negatively, respectively) whether vaccination coverage over 70% was achieved in a region, independently of variables such as population density or poverty. A second regression analysis was performed predicting absolute vaccination coverage. While education level and the proportion of confined dogs were associated with positive vaccination coverage, higher proportions of young animals and female dogs were associated with a decrease in coverage. This study confirms the feasibility of homogeneously vaccinating over 70% of the dogs in a large area including rural and urban communities. These findings can inform the logistics of future campaigns and might be used as a template to facilitate high-number, high-coverage vaccination campaigns to other regions in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Section: Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a mass canine rabies vaccination campaign in both rural and urban regions in southern Malawi

Sánchez-Soriano

Gibson

Gamble³

et al. 2020

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…Zoonotic diseases are diseases that can be transmitted and distributed between animals harboring the disease and humans, and having different public health burdens and it is known that 75% of emerging pathogens fall within the category of zoonotic diseases [1]. These zoonotic diseases are widely distributed in Ethiopia and include bovine tuberculosis, taeniasis, hydatidosis [2], and rabies [3]. Many zoonotic diseases are caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and other parasites, with both domestic and wild animals acting as reservoirs for the pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Public Awareness on Common Zoonotic Diseases in Lalo Kile District, Kellem Wollega Zone, Ethiopia

Kerorsa¹

2019

IJBECS

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A questionnaire based cross sectional survey was conducted to assess the awareness of the community about common zoonotic diseases in Lalo Kile District, Kellem Wollega Zone, Ethiopia. A total of 440 (292 male and 148 female) respondents were participated during the interview. A structured questionnaire was prepared and used to ask the respondents categorized into different levels about their knowledge and awareness on common zoonotic diseases in the area. From the total respondent category 82.50% have awareness on rabies, 81.82% have a concept about taeniasis, 81.36% know about bovine tuberculosis, 79.55% know about anthrax and 72.05% know about hydatidosis. These respondents have a concept about transmission, clinical signs, effect and way of control and prevention of the common zoonotic diseases. From the different category of the respondents, educational level and occupational status are statistically significant (P<0.05). 83.86% and 86.36% of the respondents consume raw meat and raw milk, respectively. Most of the respondents know that zoonotic diseases can be transmitted from animals to human, but very few of them know that the disease can be transmitted from human to animals. Therefore, the general continuous awareness creation and teaching of the community about zoonotic disease is very important.

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“…The application of a One Health model was introduced in educational programs for women in a brucellosis endemic region of Iran, which resulted in a significant decrease in KAP scores 1 month after short-term education courses [72]. However, in contrast, a short-term awareness campaign for rabies in Azerbaijan was not successful in demonstrating change in postexposure health-seeking behaviors [73]. These opposing results of 2 different diseases suggest that sustained longterm planning is required for a comprehensive One Health awareness and education campaign to be successful in modifying behaviors and practices.…”

Section: Public Education and Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis in the Middle East: Current situation and a pathway forward

et al. 2020

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Brucellosis is a bacterial endemic zoonotic disease of global significance with detrimental impacts on public health and food animal production. It is caused by Brucella spp., an expanding group of pathogens able to infect various host species. Bovines and small ruminants, which excrete the bacteria in milk and in reproductive discharges, are major sources of infection for humans and other animals. Contact with contaminated animals and consumption of unpasteurized dairy products are the main routes for human infection. In spite of the considerable progress of knowledge gained and success achieved in brucellosis control in the developed world, this disease continues to be an important burden in the Middle East (ME). Common risk factors implicated in the difficulty and complexity of brucellosis control within the region include (1) social and political instabilities; (2) insufficient resources and infrastructure for appropriate diagnosis, reporting, and implementation of control measures; (3) variation of livestock husbandry systems and their commingling with other livestock and wildlife; and (4) traditional cultural practices, including consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. Development of core interdisciplinary competencies is required for a true One Health-based endeavor against the disease. National awareness and educational programs addressing all population sectors from consumers to decision-makers seem to be the next logical, sustainable, and economically viable approach toward improving disease status in this region. In the present review, we describe the current situation of brucellosis in the ME, focusing on the major limitations and shortcomings regarding disease control. We propose a regional approach toward public awareness of brucellosis as the first step in mitigating the disease and discuss the potential benefits, and components of such a strategy, which can further be used as a model for other endemic zoonotic diseases.

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Assessing the impact of public education on a preventable zoonotic disease: rabies

Cited by 56 publications

References 33 publications

Implementation of a mass canine rabies vaccination campaign in both rural and urban regions in southern Malawi

Implementation of a mass canine rabies vaccination campaign in both rural and urban regions in southern Malawi

Assessment of Public Awareness on Common Zoonotic Diseases in Lalo Kile District, Kellem Wollega Zone, Ethiopia

Brucellosis in the Middle East: Current situation and a pathway forward

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