Assessing the impacts of intra- and interspecific competition betweenTriticum aestivumandTrifolium repenson the species’ responses to ozone

Biomass partitioning in response to intraspecific competition depends on nutrients and species characteristics: A study of 43 plant species

“…Legumes were more productive at the highest density and, thus, suffered less from increasing competition than grasses and non‐leguminous forbs. This may have been due to their mutualistic symbiosis with rhizobia that buffered the negative effects of intraspecific competition on nitrogen availability, although high plant density may reduce the formation of nodules by legumes (Menéndez et al., 2017).…”

Ontogenetic and trans‐generational dynamics of a vertically transmitted fungal symbiont in an annual host plant in ozone‐polluted settings

“…Pollutants, such as ozone, not only directly affect plant species but also the symbiotic organisms they associate with (Chen, Liu, Wurihan, Card, & Ren, 2017;Compant, van der Heijden, & Sessitsch, 2010;Kiers, Palmer, Ives, Bruno, & Bronstein, 2010;Menéndez, Gundel, Lores, & Martínez-Ghersa, 2017;Sandermann Jr, 1996). This study focused on the effects of ozone on the dynamics of an asexual vertically transmitted fungal endophyte, Epichloë occultans, that colonizes the coolseason grass, Lolium multiflorum.…”

Getting ready for the ozone battle: Vertically transmitted fungal endophytes have transgenerational positive effects in plants

“…Depending on the type of exposure (chronic/acute) and concentration (low/high), ozone‐driven dysfunctionalities at an individual level can be detected as reduced photosynthesis, early leaf senescence and, eventually, plant death (see Agathokleous, Kitao, & Calabrese, 2020; Ainsworth (2017); Ainsworth et al (2012); Ashmore (2005); Fiscus, Booker, and Burkey (2005); Fuhrer (2009); Osborne et al (2016)). Susceptibility to ozone varies among species and stage of a plant's life cycle—with early stages as the most sensitive ones (Abeli et al, 2017; Bermejo, Gimeno, Sanz, de la Torre, & Gil, 2003; Menéndez, Gundel, Lores, & Martínez‐Ghersa, 2017). To some extent, plants are capable of controlling the ozone‐induced oxidative stress by activating enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant machinery (Iriti & Faoro, 2008; Menéndez, Romero, Folcia, & Martínez‐Ghersa, 2009).…”

“…To some extent, plants are capable of controlling the ozone‐induced oxidative stress by activating enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant machinery (Iriti & Faoro, 2008; Menéndez, Romero, Folcia, & Martínez‐Ghersa, 2009). Thus, determined by the type of exposure and concentration, ozone can generate context‐dependent effects with detectable/undetectable and positive/negative impacts on plant performance [e.g., Abeli et al (2017); Bermejo et al (2003); Menéndez et al (2017); Ueno et al (2016); Ueno, Gundel, Seal, Ghersa, and Martínez‐Ghersa (2020)].…”

“…To some extent, plants are capable of controlling the ozone-induced oxidative stress by activating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant machinery (Iriti & Faoro, 2008;Menéndez, Romero, Folcia, & Martínez-Ghersa, 2009). Thus, determined by the type of exposure and concentration, ozone can generate context-dependent effects with detectable/undetectable and positive/negative impacts on plant performance [e.g., Abeli et al (2017); Bermejo et al (2003); Menéndez et al (2017); Ueno et al (2016); Ueno, Gundel, Seal, Ghersa, and Martínez-Ghersa (2020)]. TGE, which is the source of phenotypic variation expressed in the progeny from plants experiencing different environmental conditions (Burton & Metcalfe, 2014;Donohue, 2009;Herman & Sultan, 2011), has been intensively reviewed as a mechanism for plants to cope with biotic and abiotic factors of stress (Yin et al, 2019).…”