Assessing the Importance of Domestic Vaccine Manufacturing Centers: An Overview of Immunization Programs, Vaccine Manufacture, and Distribution

Rey-Jurado, Emma; Tapia, Felipe; Muñoz‐Durango, Natalia; Lay, Margarita K.; Carreño, Leandro J.; Riedel, Claudia A.; Bueno, Susan M.; Genzel, Yvonne; Kalergis, Alexis M.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00026

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 126 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite this, in 2018 BCG was considered within the national vaccination program of 154 countries, including countries in America, Asia, Africa, and Europe, with coverage of over 90% (1). It was also administered to high-risk groups in additional countries, being one of the most widely used vaccines worldwide (1, 11). Besides protecting against TB, BCG vaccination also reduces mortality in children because of non-specific cross-protection induced by this vaccine against other unrelated pathogens (12, 13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another remarkable characteristic of BCG is that it can be used as an expression vector for recombinant antigens to develop novel vaccines for pathogenic bacteria and viruses (25–34), as well as for cancer diseases (35–43). BCG has been considered as a good vector given its safety shown in vaccinated neonates, children and adults for almost a 100 years and that BCG antigens may act as adjuvants, inducing innate and adaptive immune responses (11, 22–24, 44, 45).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

BCG-Induced Cross-Protection and Development of Trained Immunity: Implication for Vaccine Design

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated tuberculosis vaccine that has the ability to induce non-specific cross-protection against pathogens that might be unrelated to the target disease. Vaccination with BCG reduces mortality in newborns and induces an improved innate immune response against microorganisms other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis, such as Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Innate immune cells, including monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, contribute to this non-specific immune protection in a way that is independent of memory T or B cells. This phenomenon associated with a memory-like response in innate immune cells is known as “trained immunity.” Epigenetic reprogramming through histone modification in the regulatory elements of particular genes has been reported as one of the mechanisms associated with the induction of trained immunity in both, humans and mice. Indeed, it has been shown that BCG vaccination induces changes in the methylation pattern of histones associated with specific genes in circulating monocytes leading to a “trained” state. Importantly, these modifications can lead to the expression and/or repression of genes that are related to increased protection against secondary infections after vaccination, with improved pathogen recognition and faster inflammatory responses. In this review, we discuss BCG-induced cross-protection and acquisition of trained immunity and potential heterologous effects of recombinant BCG vaccines.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG-Induced Cross-Protection and Development of Trained Immunity: Implication for Vaccine Design

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Vaccines are considered one of the most important public health achievements of science and medicine, saving the lives of millions of people as well as being one of the most impactful measures against preventing disease (1,2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could BCG Vaccination Induce Protective Trained Immunity for SARS-CoV-2?

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trained immunity is a type of non-specific memory-like immune response induced by some pathogens and vaccines, such as BCG, which can confer antigen-independent protection against a wide variety of pathogens. The BCG vaccine has been extensively used to protect against tuberculosis for almost a 100 years. Interestingly, this vaccine reduces children's mortality caused by infections unrelated to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, a phenomenon thought to be due to the induction of trained immunity. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has infected, as of April 22, 2020, 2,623,231 people globally, causing a major public health problem worldwide. Currently, no vaccine or treatment is available to control this pandemic. We analyzed the number of positive cases and deaths in different countries and correlated them with the inclusion of BCG vaccination at birth in their national vaccination programs. Interestingly, those countries where BCG vaccination is given at birth have shown a lower contagion rate and fewer COVID-19-related deaths, suggesting that this vaccine may induce trained immunity that could confer some protection for SARS-CoV-2.

show abstract

“…Vaccines are designed to induce adaptive immunological memory against specific pathogens ( 17 , 18 ). However, the recent realization that some vaccines can also induce non-specific immunological memory via trained immunity suggests that TIbVs could be considered candidates to protect against pathogens with no specific vaccine.…”

Section: Trained Immunity Induced By Bcgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Trained Immunity by Recombinant Vaccines

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vaccines represent an important strategy to protect humans against a wide variety of pathogens and have even led to eradicating some diseases. Although every vaccine is developed to induce specific protection for a particular pathogen, some vaccine formulations can also promote trained immunity, which is a non-specific memory-like feature developed by the innate immune system. It is thought that trained immunity can protect against a wide variety of pathogens other than those contained in the vaccine formulation. The non-specific memory of the trained immunity-based vaccines (TIbV) seems beneficial for the immunized individual, as it may represent a powerful strategy that contributes to the control of pathogen outbreaks, reducing morbidity and mortality. A wide variety of respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and metapneumovirus (hMPV), cause serious illness in children under 5 years old and the elderly. To address this public health problem, we have developed recombinant BCG vaccines that have shown to be safe and immunogenic against hRSV or hMPV. Besides the induction of specific adaptive immunity against the viral antigens, these vaccines could generate trained immunity against other respiratory pathogens. Here, we discuss some of the features of trained immunity induced by BCG and put forward the notion that recombinant BCGs expressing hRSV or hMPV antigens have the capacity to simultaneously induce specific adaptive immunity and non-specific trained immunity. These recombinant BCG vaccines could be considered as TIbV capable of inducing simultaneously the development of specific protection against hRSV or hMPV, as well as non-specific trained-immunity-based protection against other pathogenic viruses.

show abstract

Assessing the Importance of Domestic Vaccine Manufacturing Centers: An Overview of Immunization Programs, Vaccine Manufacture, and Distribution

Cited by 21 publications

References 126 publications

BCG-Induced Cross-Protection and Development of Trained Immunity: Implication for Vaccine Design

BCG-Induced Cross-Protection and Development of Trained Immunity: Implication for Vaccine Design

Could BCG Vaccination Induce Protective Trained Immunity for SARS-CoV-2?

Induction of Trained Immunity by Recombinant Vaccines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About