Assessing the Influence of the Presence of Heavy Metals Adsorbed on Activated Carbon on the Efficiency of Degradation of Phenol Using Selected Oxidizing Agents

Abstract

Removing organic substances from wastewater is a complex problem. Different methods are used for this purpose. Recently, much attention has been given to the application of sorption and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which contribute also to the regeneration of activated carbon. The analysis presented in this paper focused on determining the influence of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions adsorbed on activated carbon on the efficiency of oxidation of phenol by means of H2O2, Fenton's reagent Fe 2+ /H2O2 and 1:1 HNO3 solution exposed to 2450 MHz microwaves, and, accordingly, the influence of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions on the sorptive capacity of regenerated activated carbons. The results show that the chemical regeneration of activated carbon using AOPs resulted in partial oxidation of the adsorbed organic substance. The presence of Cu(II) or Fe(II) ions increased the regeneration efficiency. Using nitric acid to oxidize adsorbed phenol brought about a dramatic decline in the sorptive capacity of activated carbon with respect to this substance and an increase in the sorptive capacity of carbon with respect to metal ions. A serious drawback of this method, however, is that the oxidation of adsorbed phenol caused a significant loss of mass of activated carbon regardless of the oxidizing agent used.

Assessment of the possibility of using data mining methods to predict sorption isotherms of selected organic compounds on activated carbon

“…Due to enormous quantitative and qualitative diversity of industrial wastewater, its treatment involves the application and combination of many different methods. They include biodegradation, coagulation, sorption, oxidation and filtration [1][2][3]. Literature data [3][4][5][6] indicate that sorption on activated carbons is one of the most effective means of the removal of organic compounds.…”

“…They include biodegradation, coagulation, sorption, oxidation and filtration [1][2][3]. Literature data [3][4][5][6] indicate that sorption on activated carbons is one of the most effective means of the removal of organic compounds. That is due to carbons extended porous structure and specific chemical properties of their surface.…”

“…It is a complex task that requires substantial labour input and generates high costs while the results obtained describe only one particular adsorbent -adsorbate system. However, both the literature on the subject [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and technological practice provide databases of sorption results for activated carbon-adsorbate systems that have already been investigated. Therefore, it seems reasonable to make use of those data to predict sorption in the systems that show comparable properties.…”

“…On the basis of previous results [10] on the sorption of dyes (crystal violet and phenol red) and para -chlorophenol on four different activated carbons that have brand names of WDex, WG12, F200S and F200R, in this study an attempt was made to develop a mathematical model for the prediction of sorption of the same adsorbates, but on different activated carbons that have parameters similar to those used while developing the model.…”

Chiral Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotube Chiral Composites: Preparation and Applications

“…56 And SWNTs could be activated with HNO 3 for analyte retention to improve isomeric separation, the so introduced hydroxyl and carboxyl groups are the biggest contributors. 57 For chiral separation of racemic (AE)-chlorpheniramine (CPA), -cyclodextrin (CD) was added to the racemate and solutions with HCl and SDS in di®erent proportions as eluents. 58 An adequate enantioresolution (2.08) with satisfactory responses for both (R)-CPA and (S)-CPA was achieved by applying MWNTs and a proposed°ow injectionsolid phase extraction (FI-SPE) strategy.…”