Assessing the Invasion Risk of<i>Eucalyptus</i>in the United States Using the Australian Weed Risk Assessment

Gordon, Doria R.; Flory, S. Luke; Cooper, Aimee L.; Morris, Sarah K.

doi:10.1155/2012/203768

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Conversely, we could find no records of invasions from tropical plantations of Eucalyptus species or of the widely planted teak, Tectona grandis. It has been suggested that Eucalyptus species are non-invasive because the seeds are of low viability and poorly dispersed [53][54][55], but in such a large and diverse genus it seems unlikely that all species suffer from the same limitations. Given the recent massive expansion of pulpwood plantations in the tropics, and the planned expansion of biofuel crops, it is likely that there is a large "invasion debt" that will be realized over the next few decades [43].…”

Section: Plantation Forests As Source Of Invasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing Risks of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Tropical Production Forest Management

Padmanaba

Corlett

2014

Forests

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Timber production is the most pervasive human impact on tropical forests, but studies of logging impacts have largely focused on timber species and vertebrates. This review focuses on the risk from invasive alien plant species, which has been frequently neglected in production forest management in the tropics. Our literature search resulted in 114 publications with relevant information, including books, book chapters, reports and papers. Examples of both invasions by aliens into tropical production forests and plantation forests as sources of invasions are presented. We discuss species traits and processes affecting spread and invasion, and silvicultural practices that favor invasions. We also highlight potential impacts of invasive plant species and discuss options for managing them in production forests. We suggest that future forestry practices need to reduce the risks of plant invasions by conducting surveillance for invasive species; minimizing canopy opening during harvesting; encouraging rapid canopy closure in plantations; minimizing the width of access roads; and ensuring that vehicles and other equipment are not transporting seeds of invasive species. Potential invasive species should not be planted within dispersal range of production forests. In invasive species management, forewarned is forearmed.

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Section: Plantation Forests As Source Of Invasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing Risks of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Tropical Production Forest Management

Padmanaba

Corlett

2014

Forests

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“…Eucalyptus characteristics that may increase its potential invasiveness include rapid growth and maturation, adaptation to poor soil and variable conditions, evergreen character with no dormant period, high seed production, and dispersal of seeds via water [27][28][29]. However, field evidence suggests Eucalyptus species in general have been much slower to invade than would be predicted by their rapid growth and climate tolerance.…”

Section: Invasivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This evidence includes a general lack of success as invaders in most circumstances, very slow rates of spread in its native range, and frequent observations of high mortality following seeding and planting [27,[30][31][32]. Characteristics of Eucalyptus seeds, including the lack of dispersion through wind or animal vectors and protective capsules that reduce seed release in the absence of fire, likely reduce the risk of significant invasion [27,28]. Studies in Australia and South Africa have also shown that most seeds fall in close proximity to parent trees, limiting its potential spread [27,29,33].…”

Section: Invasivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Basis for Sustainable Management of Eucalyptus and Populus as Short-Rotation Woody Crops in the U.S.

Vance

Loehle

Wigley

et al. 2014

Forests

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Short rotation woody crops (SRWC), fast growing tree species that are harvested on short, repeated intervals, can augment traditional fiber sources. These crops have economic and environmental benefits stemming from their capability of supplying fiber on a reduced land base in close proximity to users and when sensitive sites cannot be accessed. Eucalyptus and Populus appear to be genera with the greatest potential to provide supplemental fiber in the U.S. Optimal productivity can be achieved through practices that overcome site limitations and by choosing the most appropriate sites, species, and clones. Some Eucalyptus species are potentially invasive, yet field studies across multiple continents suggest they are slower to disperse than predicted by risk assessments. Some studies have found lower plant and animal diversity in SRWC systems compared to mature, native forests, but greater than some alterative land uses and strongly influenced by stand management, land use history, and landscape context. Eucalyptus established in place of grasslands, arable lands, and, in some cases, native forests can reduce streamflow and lower water tables due to higher interception and transpiration rates but results vary widely, are scale dependent, and are most evident in drier regions. OPEN ACCESS

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“…But there are also several studies that have contributed to appropriate environmental management of eucalypts stands. The studies are related to invasiveness (Silva et al, 2011;Gordon et al, 2012), flammability (Gill and Zylstra, 2005), nutrient cycling (Laclau et al, 2005) and water consumption (Lima et al, 1990;Almeida and Soares, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil water dynamics and litter production in eucalypt and native vegetation in southeastern Brazil

Silva

Poggiani

Lima

et al. 2014

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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High productivity of eucalypt plantations is the result of advances in research that have led to gradual improvements in intensive silvicultural technology. High productivity notwithstanding, eucalypt plantations remain the focus of environmental concerns. Our study aimed to compare the soil water regime, litter fall and nutrients dynamics either in a fragment of native forest or in an adjacent stand of growing eucalypt. We took field measurements during the first three years of eucalypt plantation in a sandy soil in the southeastern region of Brazil. Soil moisture and internal drainage were higher during the early stages of growth of the eucalypt stand, as compared with native vegetation. However, one and a half years after planting, available soil water was similar in both vegetations. Higher water availability under the eucalypt stand during the first year occurs because of silvicultural operations (soil preparation and weed control) and the small size of eucalypt trees; these factors increase water infiltration and decrease transpiration. Total leaf fall, over the study period, was similar for both ecosystems; however, differences were observed in the winter and early spring of 2010. The transfer of nutrients to soil by leaf fall was similar except for N and S, which was higher in native vegetation. Nitrogen concentration in the soil solution was higher in native vegetation, but K was higher under the eucalypt stand, mainly to a depth of up to 0.2 m.

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Assessing the Invasion Risk ofEucalyptusin the United States Using the Australian Weed Risk Assessment

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Minimizing Risks of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Tropical Production Forest Management

Minimizing Risks of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Tropical Production Forest Management

Scientific Basis for Sustainable Management of Eucalyptus and Populus as Short-Rotation Woody Crops in the U.S.

Soil water dynamics and litter production in eucalypt and native vegetation in southeastern Brazil

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