“…Nonetheless, the scant and somewhat inconsistent research in this area gives credence to some of the posited criticisms. For example, across different studies, management education has consistently been found to develop 'hard' analytical skills but to have a less pronounced or even non-existent effect on 'soft' skills (Baruch & Peiperl, 2000;Kretovics, 1999;Simpson, Sturges, Woods, & Altman, 2005). Thus, while management education is found to have a general impact on the development of managers' skills and competencies, indicating that there is some level of knowledge transfer from classroom teaching to the individual's skill profile (Baruch & Peiperl, 2000;Cheng, 2000;Ishida, 1997;Sturges, Simpson, & Altman, 2003;Wren, Halbesleben, & Buckley, 2007), criticisms of weak effects on soft skills are empirically supported.…”