Assessing the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in France

Leyronas, Christel; Bardin, Marc; Berthier, Karine; Duffaud, Magali; Troulet, Claire; Torres, M Francisco; Villeneuve, François; Nicot, Philippe C.

doi:10.1007/s10658-018-1493-9

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The isolates collected specifically on carrots (standing or buried) showed a clonal diversity ranging from 0.44 to 0.80. These values are consistent with previous studies on various host plants showing a predominant clonal mode of reproduction (Aban et al, 2021; Atallah et al, 2004; Leyronas et al, 2018a, 2018b; Sexton et al, 2006). In addition, the gene diversity and linkage disequilibrium values are consistent with those found by Clarkson et al (2013) on S. sclerotiorum isolates collected from carrots in England.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Genomic DNA was extracted in 96‐well plates from aliquots of 100 mg of mycelium, following the Dneasy Plant extraction kit protocol (Qiagen). Sixteen microsatellite markers designed for S. sclerotiorum by Sirjusingh and Kohn (2001) were amplified with forward primers conjugated with fluorescent dyes following the protocol described by Leyronas et al (2018a). To determine the size of the microsatellites, the PCR products were diluted and multiplexed prior to scanning with an ABI 3730 sequencer (Applied Biosystems).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airborne versus soilborne inoculum: White mould, where do you come from?

2023

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Identifying the sources of fungal inoculum that induces epidemics is instrumental to managing crop health in a more efficient way by implementing prophylactic methods and by using better targeted biocontrol and fungicide applications. For some phytopathogenic fungi, this identification is hampered by the multiplicity of inoculum types. This is the case for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the agent of white mould, which can produce ascospores disseminated via the atmosphere, sclerotia stored in the soil and mycelium in plant debris of a large variety of hosts. The present study aims to assess the relative importance of airborne and soilborne inocula in white mould disease development and its persistence across two crop seasons. S. sclerotiorum isolates were collected from air, soil and carrot plants during two crop seasons in south‐western France and genotyped with 16 microsatellite markers. Among the 490 isolates, 162 clonal lineages were identified. The genetic characteristics did not differ significantly among isolates collected from air, soil and carrots. The epidemics of white mould on carrots were initiated either by airborne inoculum or by soilborne inoculum. It also appears that some isolates from airborne inoculum persisted from year to year.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne versus soilborne inoculum: White mould, where do you come from?

2023

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“…Genomic DNA was extracted in 96-well plates from aliquots of 100 mg (fresh weight) of frozen mycelium, following the Dneasy Plant extraction Kit protocol (Qiagen). Sixteen microsatellite markers designed for S. sclerotiorum by Sirjusingh and Kohn (2001) were amplified with forward primers conjugated with fluorescent dyes following the protocol described by Leyronas et al (2018) . Reverse primers did not carry any fluorescent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Aerial Interconnectivity of Distant Reservoirs of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Leyronas¹,

Morris²,

Choufany

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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Many phytopathogenic fungi are disseminated as spores via the atmosphere from short to long distances. The distance of dissemination determines the extent to which plant diseases can spread and novel genotypes of pathogens can invade new territories. Predictive tools including models that forecast the arrival of spores in areas where susceptible crops are grown can help to more efficiently manage crop health. However, such models are difficult to establish for fungi with broad host ranges because sources of inoculum cannot be readily identified. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the pandemic agent of white mold disease, can attack >400 plant species including economically important crops. Monitoring airborne inoculum of S. sclerotiorum in several French cropping areas has shown that viable ascospores are present in the air almost all the time, even when no susceptible crops are nearby. This raises the hypothesis of a distant origin of airborne inoculum. The objective of the present study was to determine the interconnectivity of reservoirs of S. sclerotiorum from distant regions based on networks of air mass movement. Viable airborne inoculum of S. sclerotiorum was collected in four distinct regions of France and 498 strains were genotyped with 16 specific microsatellite markers and compared among the regions. Air mass movements were inferred using the HYSPLIT model and archived meteorological data from the global data assimilation system (GDAS). The results show that up to 700 km could separate collection sites that shared the same haplotypes. There was low or no genetic differentiation between strains collected from the four sites. The rate of aerial connectivity between two sites varied according to the direction considered. The results also show that the aerial connectivity between sites is a better indicator of the probability of the incoming component (PIC) of inoculum at a given site from another one than is geographic distance. We identified the links between specific sites in the trajectories of air masses and we quantified the frequencies at which the directional links occurred as a proof-of-concept for an operational method to assess the arrival of airborne inoculum in a given area from distant origins.

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“…Diversity of pathogen isolates can be an issue for the wide applicability of a resistance source if it is isolatespecific. Population structure, haplotype diversity, and variation for aggressiveness have been widely reported for S. sclerotiorum isolates (Clarkson et al, 2017;Leyronas et al, 2018;Sharma et al, 2018;Yu et al, 2020). Canola hybrids with the Pioneer Protector Trx system in maintaining redox balance in the pathogen has been emphasized earlier (Zhang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Thioredoxin1 (SsTrx1) is required for pathogenicity and oxidative stress tolerance

Rana

Ding

Banga

et al. 2021

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a destructive plant disease that causes yield losses in vegetable and oilseed brassicas worldwide (Bolton et al., 2006). It is difficult to control S. sclerotiorum as it produces asexual, hard, resting sclerotia that can survive for many years in the soil. These germinate under favourable conditions to initiate a new cycle of the disease (Erental et al., 2007;Xu et al., 2018). Current methods of pathogen control do not provide reliable protection from the disease. It is thus important to develop new management strategies that offer sustainable disease control. Minimizing damage by deploying cultivars with a genetically inherited reduction in the susceptibility to pathogens is the preferred form of disease management. Pathogens in turn

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Assessing the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in France

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Airborne versus soilborne inoculum: White mould, where do you come from?

Airborne versus soilborne inoculum: White mould, where do you come from?

Assessing the Aerial Interconnectivity of Distant Reservoirs of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Thioredoxin1 (SsTrx1) is required for pathogenicity and oxidative stress tolerance

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