Assessing the potential of a hybrid battery system to reduce battery aging in an electric vehicle by studying the cycle life of a graphite∣NCA high energy and a LTO∣metal oxide high power battery cell considering realistic test profiles

Wegmann, Raphael; Döge, Volker; Sauer, Dirk Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.05.104

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Despite their high performance, LFP cells are still quite expensive; their average cost is 4-5 times the cost of the equivalent lead-acid batteries [5]. Lithium Titanium Oxide (LTO) technology is even more expensive when compared to the other Li-ion chemistries such as LFP and NMC (lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide) [6]. However, LTO batteries can be charged and discharged at higher C-rate [7], as highlighted in different literature reviews [6], and, due to their longer lifespan, power density [8] and safety performance [9], they are considered as an attractive energy storage solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A life cycle costing of compacted lithium titanium oxide batteries for industrial applications

Cicconi

Postacchini

Pallotta

et al. 2019

Journal of Power Sources

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A life cycle costing of compacted lithium titanium oxide batteries for industrial applications

Cicconi

Postacchini

Pallotta

et al. 2019

Journal of Power Sources

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“…Aging and lifespan depend on the LIB type [38][39][40][41]. The most common LIBs are lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) with a LiCoO 2 cathode and a graphite anode, lithium manganese oxide (LMO) with a LiMn 2 O 4 cathode and a graphite anode, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) with a LiNiMnCoO 2 cathode and a graphite anode, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) with a LiFePO 4 cathode and a graphite anode, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) with a LiNiCoAlO 2 cathode and a graphite anode, and lithium titanate (LTO) with a LMO or NMC cathode and a Li 2 TiO 3 anode.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Effect of the Loss of Cyclable Lithium on the Performance Degradation of a Lithium-Ion Battery

et al. 2019

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This paper reports a modeling methodology to predict the effect of the loss of cyclable lithium of a lithium-ion battery (LIB) cell comprised of a LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode, natural graphite anode, and an organic electrolyte on the discharge behavior. A one-dimensional model based on a finite element method is presented to calculate the discharge behaviors of an LIB cell during galvanostatic discharge for various levels of the loss of cyclable lithium. Modeling results for the variation of the cell voltage of the LIB cell are compared with experimental measurements during galvanostatic discharge at various discharge rates for three different levels of the loss of cyclable lithium to validate the model. The calculation results obtained from the model are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. On the basis of the validated modeling approach, the effects of the loss of cyclable lithium on the discharge capacity and available discharge power of the LIB cell are estimated. The modeling results exhibit strong dependencies of the discharge behavior of an LIB cell on the discharge C-rate and the loss of cyclable lithium.

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“…The optimized power distribution for hybrid battery systems comprising two battery parts was subject to complementary work described in detail in [27,36]. In addition, beneficial aspects of hybrid battery systems comprising a high-energy solid-state lithium metal polymer battery were discussed in [37].…”

Section: Alternative Power Distribution Algorithms For Defined Hybridmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in [36], it was particularly analyzed whether a hybrid battery system can be utilized in order to reduce battery aging. Results were gained from elaborate cycle aging measurements and analysis on the battery cell level.…”

Section: Alternative Power Distribution Algorithms For Defined Hybridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensioning and Optimization of Hybrid Li-Ion Battery Systems for EVs

Becker

Nemeth

Wegmann

et al. 2018

WEVJ

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Commercial electric vehicles nowadays are powered by a battery system containing one kind of lithium-ion battery cell. Due to the fixed ratio of the cells’ maximum power to nominal energy, the possibilities for designing power and energy of the battery pack independently are limited. The battery system’s energy and maximum power can only be scaled by adapting the number of cells and modules, and the parameters furthermore depend on the characteristics of the cells used. Additional power electronics in the form of one or more dc/dc converters can be used to form a hybrid battery system comprised of more than one pack and different cell technologies. This allows for individually designing each battery pack and thus optimizing the overall battery system specification. This work presents a battery dimensioning and optimization approach for single pack and hybrid battery systems. It is based on an evolutionary optimization algorithm and a detailed, modular Matlab-Simulink vehicle model. Studies on the advantages of hybrid batteries for different vehicle classes were carried out. Results indicate that optimized hybrid battery systems can lead to weight and volume savings and further advantages in total cost of ownership, for example, by enhanced battery life time or reduced investment costs. On the other hand, they require more complex control logic, which is also discussed in this paper.

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Assessing the potential of a hybrid battery system to reduce battery aging in an electric vehicle by studying the cycle life of a graphite∣NCA high energy and a LTO∣metal oxide high power battery cell considering realistic test profiles

Cited by 41 publications

References 51 publications

A life cycle costing of compacted lithium titanium oxide batteries for industrial applications

A life cycle costing of compacted lithium titanium oxide batteries for industrial applications

Modeling the Effect of the Loss of Cyclable Lithium on the Performance Degradation of a Lithium-Ion Battery

Dimensioning and Optimization of Hybrid Li-Ion Battery Systems for EVs

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