Assessing the potential of enhanced primary clarification to manage fats, oils and grease (FOG) at wastewater treatment works

Collin, Thomas; Cunningham, Rachel; Asghar, Mohammed Qasim; Villa, Raffaella; MacAdam, Jitka; Jefferson, Bruce

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138415

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Large volumes of fats, oils, and greases (FOG), by-products of food preparation, are received daily by sewage treatment works (STWs) [7]. FOG (has long been a source of environmental concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Lipase Production of Bacillus salmalaya Strain 139SI Using Different Carbon Sources and Surfactants

Mohaini

Farid

Muzammal

et al. 2022

Applied Microbiology

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Microbial lipase is one of the major sources of the enzyme that has been broadly exploited in the food, detergent, and pharmaceutical industries due to its high catalytic activity, high yield, and environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to optimize the medium for the submerged fermentation for lipase production by a novel strain, Bacillus salmalaya strain 139SI. The media subjected to lipase production was Luria Bertani (LB) with different carbon sources and surfactants supplemented to determine which would give the highest lipase activity of Bacillus salmalaya. The Lipase activity of the supernatant containing lipase enzyme was ddetermined using the titrimetric method with hydrolysis reaction. Results showed that the olive oil that was used as a carbon source, induced the highest lipase activity (11.0 U/mL) compared to sunflower oil (9.6 U/mL) and cooking oil waste (7.8 U/mL). For surfactants, LB medium supplemented with tween 80 enhanced higher lipase activity (6.8 U/mL) compared to tween 20 (6.0 U/mL) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) (2.0 U/mL). Thus, it can be concluded that submerged fermentation allows optimization of the culture medium whereby, among carbon sources, olive oil induced the highest lipase production, whereas Tween 80 was the best lipase inducer compared to other surfactants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Lipase Production of Bacillus salmalaya Strain 139SI Using Different Carbon Sources and Surfactants

Mohaini

Farid

Muzammal

et al. 2022

Applied Microbiology

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“…The non-linear Langmuir and Freundlich were determined by equations ( 3) and ( 4), respectively [19]. The adsorbate-adsorbent interaction constant in the Langmuir isotherm was calculated by equation (5).…”

Section: Adsorption Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high concentration of oil and grease causes deterioration of the performance of the sewage treatment system. Oil and grease disrupt not only the process of aeration [2], clarification [3], and dewatering [4] but also increase aeration demand [5]. Oil and grease produce layers on the water surface that lowering dissolved oxygen in water [6] and obstruct light penetration for photosynthesis [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Oil and Grease in Wastewater using Activated Carbon Derived from Sewage Sludge

Anifah

Ariani

Hayati

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Oil and grease are organic contaminants that are detrimental to the environment. The high concentration of oil and grease can cause clogging in the sewer. Clogged sewers can deteriorate sanitary conditions. Adsorption is one technique to reduce oil and grease concentration in wastewater. Adsorption using natural resources can overcome the high cost of commercial activated carbon. Sewage sludge has potential as raw material for activated carbon because of the high carbon content. The studies aim to investigate the capability of activated carbon derived from sewage sludge to remove oil and grease from restaurant wastewater. The studies were carried out in the batch experiment. Adsorbent dosage ranged from 2-6 g/L, and a contact time range of 5-45 minutes was performed in the experiment. Sewage sludge was chemically activated using KOH 4M and physically activated at a temperature of 700°C for 60 minutes. The result shows that the optimum adsorbent dosage and contact time are 4 g/L and 25 minutes, respectively. The highest adsorption capacity of sewage sludge to remove oil and grease was 63.75 mg/g. Under observed data, the adsorption fit the second-pseudo-order, and Langmuir isotherm indicated that the adsorption process was chemisorption.

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“…It should be noted that values below the limit of detection of 8.2 mg.L -1 were replaced with this value. Oil and grease were measured on average at 59.0 mg.L -1 at these STWs (Collin et al, 2019a); this average value was used for the other sites. Quantities of FOG were estimated based on dry weather flow, which is the average daily flow received at STWs, and subtracted from undigested lipids originating from human faeces estimated at 4.1 g.capita -1 .day -1 with a range of 1.9 to 6.4 g.capita -1 .day -1 (Rose et al, 2015).…”

Section: Fog In Wastewater Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation and energy assessment of fats, oils and greases (FOG) waste at catchment level

et al. 2020

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Several of the waste materials that have a negative impact on the sewer system are produced by fats, oils and greases (FOG) discharged from commercial and domestic kitchens. These materials accumulate at different points in the sewer catchment, from kitchens to pumping stations, sewers and sewage treatment works (STWs), and comprise oily wastewater, floating agglomerates and hard deposits. Despite their detrimental effects, these waste materials have a high calorific content and are an ideal feedstock for energy recovery processes. So far, the overall volume of each type of waste and their physical-chemical properties in relation to their collection point are unknown. However, from a management point of view, knowledge on each feedstock quality and volumes is necessary to develop an economic viable solution for their collection and for energy recovery purposes. In this study, FOG wastes collected from households, food service establishments (FSEs), sewage pumping stations, sewers and STWs, were compared to sewage sludge in terms of organic contents and energy potentials. As expected, FOG recovered at source (households and FSEs) were 'cleaner' and had a higher energy content. Once mixed with wastewater the materials changed in composition and lost some of their energy per unit mass. Our results showed that around 94,730 tonnes.year-1 of these materials could be recovered from the Thames Water Utilities' catchment, one of the most populated in the UK. These materials could produce up to 222 GWh.year-1 as biogas, close to double of what is produced with sewage sludge digestion and around 19% of the company energy needs. Finally, even with over six million households in the catchment, the results showed that most of the FOG waste was produced by FSEs (over 48,000 premises) with an estimated average of 79,810 tonnes.year-1 compared to 14,920 tonnes•year-1 from private households. This is an important outcome as recovery from

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Assessing the potential of enhanced primary clarification to manage fats, oils and grease (FOG) at wastewater treatment works

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Enhancing Lipase Production of Bacillus salmalaya Strain 139SI Using Different Carbon Sources and Surfactants

Enhancing Lipase Production of Bacillus salmalaya Strain 139SI Using Different Carbon Sources and Surfactants

Adsorption of Oil and Grease in Wastewater using Activated Carbon Derived from Sewage Sludge

Characterisation and energy assessment of fats, oils and greases (FOG) waste at catchment level

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