Assessing the potential of lignin nanoparticles as drug carrier: Synthesis, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies

Siddiqui, Lubna; Bag, Janmejaya; Seetha,; Mittal, Disha; Leekha, Ankita; Mishra, Harshita; Mishra, Monalisa; Verma, Anita; Mishra, Pawan Kumar; Ekielski, Adam; Iqbal, Zeenat; Talegaonkar, Sushama

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.311

Cited by 108 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…It has also provided an impetus to the search for structurally homogeneous lignin that can be easily applied in efficient and scalable technology for lignin-based reagents production [8]. The relatively new addition in lignin-based clean (biocompatible and non-toxic) products include nanomaterials and those used in biomedical applications [9][10][11]. As presented in Figure 1, a multi-fold rise in the number of patents registered in the Scopus database in the period of the last 20 years (2000-2019) can be seen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin for Bioeconomy: The Present and Future Role of Technical Lignin

Ekielski

Mishra

2020

IJMS

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Lignin, the term commonly used in literature, represents a group of heterogeneous aromatic compounds of plant origin. Protolignin or lignin in the cell wall is entirely different from the commercially available technical lignin due to changes during the delignification process. In this paper, we assess the status of lignin valorization in terms of commercial products. We start with existing knowledge of the lignin/protolignin structure in its native form and move to the technical lignin from various sources. Special attention is given to the patents and lignin-based commercial products. We observed that the technical lignin-based commercial products utilize coarse properties of the technical lignin in marketed formulations. Additionally, the general principles of polymers chemistry and self-assembly are difficult to apply in lignin-based nanotechnology, and lignin-centric investigations must be carried out. The alternate upcoming approach is to develop lignin-centric or lignin first bio-refineries for high-value applications; however, that brings its own technological challenges. The assessment of the gap between lab-scale applications and lignin-based commercial products delineates the challenges lignin nanoparticles-based technologies must meet to be a commercially viable alternative.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin for Bioeconomy: The Present and Future Role of Technical Lignin

Ekielski

Mishra

2020

IJMS

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“…In addition, lignin has peculiar UV absorbing properties which cover both the UV-A and UV-B range, thus reducing the actual requirements of complex mixtures of synthetic organic and inorganic filters. Being empty, the beneficial properties of lignin nanoparticle may be further increased by drug delivery processes involving the time-dependent release of selected natural substances [170]. Finally, a careful choice of the starting material, combined with enzymatic or chemical pre-treatments, also allows the control of the color of the nanoparticles, better meeting the consumer's tastes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Structured Lignin as Green Antioxidant and UV Shielding Ingredient for Sunscreen Applications

et al. 2021

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Green, biocompatible, and biodegradable antioxidants represent a milestone in cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications. Lignin is the most abundant polyphenol in nature, recovered as a low-cost waste from the pulp and paper industry and biorefinery. This polymer is characterized by beneficial physical and chemical properties which are improved at the nanoscale level due to the emergence of antioxidant and UV shielding activities. Here we review the use of lignin nanoparticles in cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications, focusing on sunscreen and antiaging formulations. Advances in the technology for the preparation of lignin nanoparticles are described highlighting structure activity relationships.

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“…Nanolignin could be prepared via precipitation technology [ 108 ], ultra-sonication [ 109 ], atomization [ 110 ], high shear homogenization [ 111 ] and continuous solvent exchange/dialysis for various applications [ 112 ]. The techniques used to prepare lignin nanoparticles could be also divided into wet and dry methods [ 113 ].…”

Section: Preparation Of Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Applications of lignin nanoparticles in UV protection [ 121 ], antibacterial [ 122 ], mineral flotation [ 123 ], pickering emulsions [ 108 ], cosmetics [ 109 ], anticorrosion [ 124 ] and drug carriers have also been reported in the literature [ 112 ]. Wang et al prepared lignin nanoparticles via solvent exchange combined with the ultrasound process, and the UV adsorbing ability of these lignin nanoparticles was subsequently tested [ 109 ].…”

Section: Preparation Of Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Application of Functionalized Lignin in Value-Added Polymeric Materials

Wang

Meng

et al. 2020

Polymers

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The quest for converting lignin into high-value products has been continuously pursued in the past few decades. In its native form, lignin is a group of heterogeneous polymers comprised of phenylpropanoids. The major commercial lignin streams, including Kraft lignin, lignosulfonates, soda lignin and organosolv lignin, are produced from industrial processes including the paper and pulping industry and emerging lignocellulosic biorefineries. Although lignin has been viewed as a low-cost and renewable feedstock to replace petroleum-based materials, its utilization in polymeric materials has been suppressed due to the low reactivity and inherent physicochemical properties of lignin. Hence, various lignin modification strategies have been developed to overcome these problems. Herein, we review recent progress made in the utilization of functionalized lignins in commodity polymers including thermoset resins, blends/composites, grafted functionalized copolymers and carbon fiber precursors. In the synthesis of thermoset resins such as polyurethane, phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy, they are covalently incorporated into the polymer matrix, and the discussion is focused on chemical modifications improving the reactivity of technical lignins. In blends/composites, functionalization of technical lignins is based upon tuning the intermolecular forces between polymer components. In addition, grafted functional polymers have expanded the utilization of lignin-based copolymers to biomedical materials and value-added additives. Different modification approaches have also been applied to facilitate the application of lignin as carbon fiber precursors, heavy metal adsorbents and nanoparticles. These emerging fields will create new opportunities in cost-effectively integrating the lignin valorization into lignocellulosic biorefineries.

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Assessing the potential of lignin nanoparticles as drug carrier: Synthesis, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies

Cited by 108 publications

References 73 publications

Lignin for Bioeconomy: The Present and Future Role of Technical Lignin

Lignin for Bioeconomy: The Present and Future Role of Technical Lignin

Nano-Structured Lignin as Green Antioxidant and UV Shielding Ingredient for Sunscreen Applications

Recent Advances in the Application of Functionalized Lignin in Value-Added Polymeric Materials

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