Assessing the potential of unmanned aerial vehicle spraying of aqueous ozone as an outdoor disinfectant for SARS-CoV-2

Albert, Simon; Amarilla, Alberto A.; Trollope, Ben; Sng, Julian D. J.; Setoh, Yin Xiang; Deering, Nathaniel; Modhiran, Naphak; Weng, Sung-Hsia; Melo, Maria C.; Hutley, Nicholas; Nandy, Avik; Furlong, Michael J.; Young, Paul R.; Watterson, Daniel; Grinham, Alistair; Khromykh, Alexander A.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.110944

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The stability of aqueous ozone is known to depend on water source and purity. 44 At a minimum, the use of deionized water should be considered in future studies and, if translated, into clinical use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm disruption and bactericidal activity of aqueous ozone coupled with ultrasonic dental scaling

Failor¹,

Silver²,

Yu³

et al. 2022

JADA Foundational Science

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the awareness of a common hazard encountered in the dental clinic: aerosol transmission of pathogens. Treatment of sources of infection before or during dental procedures is one means of decreasing pathogen load and aerosol transmission. Methods An ultrasonic scaler supplied with aqueous ozone was used to examine the effect of its viability on planktonic cultures and biofilms formed by 2 model bacteria: Rothia mucilaginosa and Escherichia coli . Results Both organisms showed susceptibility to aqueous ozone alone (97% and 99.5% lethality, respectively). When combined with manual scaling using an ultrasonic scaler, a greater than 99% reduction in colony-forming units (CFUs)/mL could be reached with an aqueous ozone concentration of approximately 2 mg/L ( R. mucilaginosa ) or 0.75 mg/L ( E. coli ) after 5 through 6 seconds of scaling. Conclusions Aqueous ozone coupled with ultrasonic scaling exhibited a higher efficiency of microbial kill than either method used alone . Both gram-positive and gram-negative species were affected by this treatment. Studies on other oral microbiota constituents, including fungi and viruses, will provide information on the efficacy of this method on a greater biological scale. Studies to verify concomitant reduction of microbial load in dispersed aerosols in clinical settings should be completed to support practical applications of this treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm disruption and bactericidal activity of aqueous ozone coupled with ultrasonic dental scaling

Failor¹,

Silver²,

Yu³

et al. 2022

JADA Foundational Science

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“…O 3 spontaneously decomposes into oxygen (O 2 ) and a single reactive oxygen atom, associated with antimicrobial activity. On the other hand, the use of the gaseous form for disinfection is not convenient for operator safety, due to the exposure time to high concentrations of the gas [ 114 ]. Ozone solutions in water (ozonated water) allow one to obtain a liquid form useful for safe and effective surface disinfection, even if its low stability limited the applications [ 112 ].…”

Section: Most Common Antimicrobial Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main aspects that affect ozone stability are temperature, pH, and ozone-oxidizable materials. To reduce the decomposition rate of the gas, several ozone generators were designed to produce a stabilized form of aqueous O 3 and to extend its half-life up to a few hours [ 114 ].…”

Section: Most Common Antimicrobial Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aqueous ozone achieved a good reduction of MBP contamination on plastic and metal surfaces after 4 min of exposure, but not in more complex surfaces [ 112 ]. In a recent study, aqueous ozone demonstrated its efficacy also against several isolates of SARS-CoV-2 after 5 min of incubation, resulting in a new potential alternative for the disinfection of outdoor surfaces contaminated by this virus [ 114 , 116 ]. Synergistic effects have been shown between ozone and ultraviolet, hydrogen peroxide, or negative air ions, to increase the production of hydroxyl radicals and to improve the antimicrobial activity [ 117 ].…”

Section: Most Common Antimicrobial Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Back to Basics: Choosing the Appropriate Surface Disinfectant

Artasensi

Fumagalli

2021

Antibiotics

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From viruses to bacteria, our lives are filled with exposure to germs. In built environments, exposure to infectious microorganisms and their byproducts is clearly linked to human health. In the last year, public health emergency surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic stressed the importance of having good biosafety measures and practices. To prevent infection from spreading and to maintain the barrier, disinfection and hygiene habits are crucial, especially when the microorganism can persist and survive on surfaces. Contaminated surfaces are called fomites and on them, microorganisms can survive even for months. As a consequence, fomites serve as a second reservoir and transfer pathogens between hosts. The knowledge of microorganisms, type of surface, and antimicrobial agent is fundamental to develop the best approach to sanitize fomites and to obtain good disinfection levels. Hence, this review has the purpose to briefly describe the organisms, the kind of risk associated with them, and the main classes of antimicrobials for surfaces, to help choose the right approach to prevent exposure to pathogens.

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“…For this purpose, the main devices are various types of atomizers that are often included in other apparatus. Foggers, which are currently very popular, are used to disinfect flat surfaces in hospitals, schools or work-places, but are also used to disinfect clothing or protective masks ( Albert et al, 2021 ; Ochowiak et al, 2019 ). Another device that can be an effective solution in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 are spray curtains, which in-volve atomizers working together.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray curtains as devices for surface spraying during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Ochowiak

Włodarczak

Krupińska

et al. 2022

Environmental Research

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Counteracting the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a current and important problem. A crucial issue in this area is the disinfection of various surfaces, as well as the air itself. For this purpose, devices such as foggers, which have different designs, are used. The appropriate size of droplets and their distribution determines the effectiveness of disinfectants. The paper presents droplet size distributions and characteristic mean droplet diameters, which are obtained with the use of a conical pressure-swirl atomizer. For the purpose of the analysis, the laser diffraction method was used. The influence of gas pressure and the distance from the atomizer's orifice on the spray angle and the distance between the nozzles on the spray curtain was also demonstrated.

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Assessing the potential of unmanned aerial vehicle spraying of aqueous ozone as an outdoor disinfectant for SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Biofilm disruption and bactericidal activity of aqueous ozone coupled with ultrasonic dental scaling

Biofilm disruption and bactericidal activity of aqueous ozone coupled with ultrasonic dental scaling

Back to Basics: Choosing the Appropriate Surface Disinfectant

Spray curtains as devices for surface spraying during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

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