Assessing the Protective Quality of Wax Coatings on Bronze Sculptures Using Hydrogel Patches in Impedance Measurements

England, Alice H.; Hosbein, Kathryn N.; Price, Capri; Wylder, Morgan K.; Miller, Kenna S.; Clare, Tami Lasseter

doi:10.3390/coatings6040045

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…From the atomic force microscopy (AFM) scanning (Figure S3), the thickness of the coating layer (may not continuous) is estimated to be a few micrometers after coating three times, similar to the wax coating (∼4−50 μm) for porous paper or metal substrates. 44 Ideally, at increased concentration of PKO and FA, more fibers will be covered by hydrophobic substances and more gaps between fibers will be filled in, resulting in a better impermeability of water, which is further verified later by measuring the WVTR of coated and uncoated papers.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Facile Approach for Ecofriendly, Low-Cost, and Water-Resistant Paper Coatings via Palm Kernel Oil

Zeng

Cao

2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Paper-based packaging is widely employed in industries ranging from food to beverages to pharmaceuticals because of its attractive advantages of biodegradability, recyclability, good strength, low cost, and lightweight. However, paper products usually have poor water barrier resistance properties because of paper and fibers porous microstructure. In this study, an ecofriendly water-resistant (hydrophobic) oil from biological origin, namely, palm kernel oil (PKO) was used to coat paper by using a facile and cost-effective dip-casting approach. PKO formulation was prepared by mixing with a solvent and furfuryl alcohol (FA). The water resistance, structural properties, and thermal and mechanical properties of the coated papers obtained under different processing conditions were reported and compared to understand the performance of coated paper. Contact angle (CA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermal gravimetry (TGA) were used for analysis and characterization of coated papers. Data from contact angle measurements showed that the PKO formulation could considerably improve the liquid water barrier property of the paper, with a measured water contact angle (CA) of ∼120° and reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) by 22%. This novel, green, low-cost, and water-resistant paper coating made with biological and biodegradable oil is a potential candidate for replacing petroleum-based coatings used in a broad range of applications and will also be able to make an additional full use of the palm kernel oil.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Facile Approach for Ecofriendly, Low-Cost, and Water-Resistant Paper Coatings via Palm Kernel Oil

Zeng

Cao

2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Due to the mentioned above properties this kind of electrodes gained attention for example in the case of the characterization of architectural and artistic metalworks. [ 54–58 ]…”

Section: Hydrogel‐based Tools For Electrochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the mentioned above properties this kind of electrodes gained attention for example in the case of the characterization of architectural and artistic metalworks. [54][55][56][57][58] The usually used method for characterization of the protective coating of outdoor metal sculpture is electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The possibility of early detection of the defect in the protective coating is essential for the preservation and restoration of the works of outdoor art.…”

Section: Hydrogel-based Tools For Electrochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical devices based on conducting surfaces modified with smart hydrogels: Outlook and perspective

Kaniewska

Karbarz

2021

Electrochemical Science Adv

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The unique properties of smart hydrogels combined with conducting surfaces opened new possibilities in the construction of novel electrochemical devices. Electrodes modified with thin gel layers demonstrate the properties that are usually unachievable for bare electrodes. Usually a thin gel layer provides a highly permeable matrix for analytes, and can also serve as an immobilizing/impermeable matrix for larger molecules. Hydrogel barriers/layers are able to protect the electrode surface against the unwanted influence of the environment and to isolate the environment from the usually metallic, stiff, and hard electrode surfaces. A layer of hydrogel attached to the electrode surface can also serve as solid electrolyte, buffer and a reservoir for electroactive probes. In addition, the ability of smart gel materials to undergo a reversible volume phase transition related to significant changes in their volume and shape is very interesting from the point of view of the construction of switchable electrochemical systems. Such properties are strongly desired for the construction of various electrochemical devices. This review is focused on recent progress in the above field.

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“…A limited number of materials are suitable for application on metal-based cultural heritage objects because of the reversibility and stability characteristics required by conservation standards [2,4,7]. The effectiveness of protective coatings must be checked after their application and by constant monitoring throughout their lifespan, which can prompt coating substitution by conservators when signs of failure are detected (Figure 1) [8,9]. Several coating features may be monitored, including (a) chemical composition, (b) the application of the coating (particularly the thickness and homogeneity of the layer), (c) coating texture (i.e., porosity, roughness), and (d) electrochemical properties [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Evaluation of Polymeric Protective Coatings for Metal Surfaces of Cultural Heritage Objects: Comparison of Optical and Electromagnetic Methods

et al. 2022

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The application of protective coatings is an effective preventive strategy to avoid metal corrosion. Constant monitoring of the coating’s quality is fundamental for the successful preservation of the metallic objects by reducing their interaction with corroding agents. Their evaluation over time helps to identify failure at early stages and promote their removal and substitution. Several methods have been employed for coating evaluation (i.e., chemical analysis, thickness and homogeneity investigation). In this paper, we compare three methods—Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy (CRM), and Eddy Currents (ECs)—to evaluate thickness values and coating integrity. The results from the two optical techniques (CRM and OCT) agree, being able to detect the inhomogeneity of the layer on a micron scale but requiring correction to account for the refraction phenomenon. The Eddy Current is a fast and efficient method for thickness estimation, providing data with millimetric lateral resolution.

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Assessing the Protective Quality of Wax Coatings on Bronze Sculptures Using Hydrogel Patches in Impedance Measurements

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Facile Approach for Ecofriendly, Low-Cost, and Water-Resistant Paper Coatings via Palm Kernel Oil

Facile Approach for Ecofriendly, Low-Cost, and Water-Resistant Paper Coatings via Palm Kernel Oil

Electrochemical devices based on conducting surfaces modified with smart hydrogels: Outlook and perspective

Non-Invasive Evaluation of Polymeric Protective Coatings for Metal Surfaces of Cultural Heritage Objects: Comparison of Optical and Electromagnetic Methods

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