Assessing the quality of organic and conventionally-farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Visceral oil from farmed Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax and Diplodus puntazzo as a source of ω-3 PUFA

“…Myristic acid (C14:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) were present in much lesser proportions, with the former increasing almost linearly (r = 0.993, P < 0.01) with total visceral lipid content. Palmitic and myristic acids are also the major SFA in the muscle lipid of S. aurata, D. labrax, and D. puntazzo (Testi et al 2006;Trocino et al 2012), with their relative proportions being very similar to those reported here for visceral lipid. Oddchain SFA such as margaric acid (17:0), isomethyl branched fatty acids such as iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, and cyclo-C17:0 were present as minor components in all samples.…”

“…Palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) was the second most important MUFA, next to oleic, and its proportion was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in conventional D. labrax and S. aurata. Eicosenoic and cetoleic (C22:1 n-11) acids were also present in the visceral oil of all three species examined, in proportions similar to those found in their muscle tissues (Trocino et al 2012). Eicosenoic acid was affected by the rearing system, and was always more abundant in organically farmed fish.…”

“…The ratio of n-3 to n-6 PUFA, often used to compare the relative nutritional value of fish oils, ranged from 1.42 to 2.19, being much higher than the 1 : 4 to 1 : 1 ratio that has been recommended for a balanced human diet (Simopoulos 2002). Comparable n-3/n-6 ratios have been reported for the muscle lipid of S. aurata (1.19-1.60) (Anedda et al 2013) and organically reared D. labrax (1.44-1.75) (Trocino et al 2012), as well as for the ordinary muscle (1.69-2.13) and perivisceral fat (1.29-1.80) of cultured D. puntazzo (Rondan et al 2004). According to Trocino et al (2012), the n-3/n-6 ratio in the muscle lipid of organically farmed D. labrax was three times higher than in conventional fish.…”

“…An exceptionally high oil yield (93%) has been reported for Asian catfish, Pangasius bocourti (Thammapat et al 2010). With cultured fish, differences in production systems, diet formulations and feeding regimes are known to affect composition (Majolini et al 2009;Trocino et al 2012) and the amount of fat deposits laid down in the internal organs (Grigorakis 2007). In the present study, perivisceral fat was consistently more abundant in conventional D. labrax and S. aurata (as judged by visual observation of the extracted viscera), which could account for the higher lipid levels found in those specimens.…”

Аdvanced computer-based approaches for food quality evaluation: updated review

“…Fiber-optic probes have the broadest application in laboratory and on-line examination of different food samples such as raw milk, dairy products, meat, meat products, fruit, beverages, etc. [1, 3, 10, 18,25,33,21,24,27]. Progress in optical electronics leads to miniaturization of NIR instruments.…”