Assessing the Quality of Rural Hazard Mitigation Plans in the Southeastern United States

Horney, Jennifer A.; Nguyen, Mai Thi; Salvesen, David; Dwyer, Caroline; Cooper, John; Berke, Philip

doi:10.1177/0739456x16628605

Cited by 91 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Rural places often struggle to bring together the sometimes conflicting demands of resource extraction, commodity production, property rights, and environmental protection without the necessary technical capacity or structural, fiscal, and political resources (Wolf ). At the same time, rural officials perceive their communities as more vulnerable to disasters than urban areas (Horney et al ).…”

Section: Sustainability Resiliency and Rural Local Governmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The central government is similarly important to successful climate change resiliency and hazard mitigation planning. The U.S. government requires that counties and states seeking hazard mitigation grants from the Federal Emergency Management Agency prepare disaster plans (Horney et al ). Federal and state money following major disasters speeds the implementation of infrastructure improvements around resiliency (Næss et al ).…”

Section: Sustainability Resiliency and Rural Local Governmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Community leaders build the foundation for an effective response by collaborating with neighboring jurisdictions, the state, and private partners (Cutter et al ; FEMA ). Many of these resiliency efforts are tied to the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, which motivated large numbers of local governments to create a hazard mitigation plan (Horney et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainability and Disaster Planning: What Are the Connections?

2019

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In this article, we examine the connections between resiliency and sustainability by asking: Can disaster planning lead to more sustainability actions? In a survey we conducted of 1,899 cities, towns, and counties across the United States in 2015, we found that disaster plans are three times more common than sustainability plans. Our regression models find both types of plans lead to sustainability action as does regional collaboration across the rural‐urban interface. However, we find that hazard mitigation planning may be done without including sustainability staff, citizens, and other officials. After controlling for motivations, capacity, and cooperation, we find that rural communities are more likely to have sustainability plans than suburbs, though their level of sustainability action is lower due to capacity constraints. Our models of multilevel governance find local motivations balance sustainability’s concept of environmental protection, economic development, and social equity—and are more important drivers of action than grassroots or higher‐level government funding and policy. This bodes well in a context where federal government leadership on sustainability is absent.

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Section: Sustainability Resiliency and Rural Local Governmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sustainability Resiliency and Rural Local Governmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainability and Disaster Planning: What Are the Connections?

2019

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“…In keeping with this concern, research into hazard mitigation plan quality found that rural communities faced significant disadvantages in the development of their plans, including an aging population base, fewer resources, greater isolation, a lack of in-house expertise, limited resources for hiring consultants, inferior housing stock, and poverty (Horney et al 2017). These challenges impact both infrastructure and social structures, going beyond the traditional scope of a hazard mitigation planning process but clearly impacting the jurisdiction's ability to successfully implement a hazard mitigation strategy.…”

Section: Constraints To Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Post-Disaster Recovery in Rural Areas

Jerolleman

2019

Extreme Weather and Society

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Although disaster losses frequently occur in rural and agricultural areas, a significant majority of the existing disaster research has focused on urban areas and coasts, often overlooking rural populations and communities (Cutter et al. 2016; Tierney 2013). Our research-based understanding of the recovery of housing post disasters in rural areas is even more limited, again with much of the current scholarship focused on urban areas and cities (Ganapati et al. 2013). Furthermore, the majority of the limited studies that have taken place in rural communities have focused on environmental or technological disasters, such as mining-related incidents, and not on more frequently occurring events such as disaster losses from flooding (Scott et al. 2012). Rising disaster losses and increasing frequency of events across the United States coupled with a current political climate that does not result in a national consensus demand more local responsibility for disaster recovery, when less federal aid is offered as a result, making rural disaster studies a particularly pressing issue. Even if recommendations to address climate change are taken, communities will continue to experience increasing impacts and will be expected to take on a greater percentage of the burden for disaster recovery (Coppola 2016). Research has shown that disaster impacts can best be mediated at the local level, where the most effective risk reduction measures can be undertaken and the most effective policies enacted. Thus, there is a "silver lining" to shift to more local disaster recovery and adaptation attention. Unfortunately, achieving success in risk reduction is far more challenging for communities that lack sufficient resources to ensure the success of these measures and much less have the resources to fund their own adaptation programs (Haddow 2016a, b).

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“…These mitigation plans are not strategic planning documents in the sense of comprehensive or community plans, let alone comprehensive roadmaps for implementing or investing in risk reduction actions. They are generally more a list of generic actions to remain compliant with federal funding requirements (Horney et al 2017;Lyles et al 2014;Smith et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

If Mitigation Saves $6 Per Every $1 Spent, Then Why Are We Not Investing More? A Louisiana Perspective on a National Issue

Gall

Friedland

2020

Nat. Hazards Rev.

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This paper provides an accounting of where and when mitigation and recovery investments have occurred in Louisiana, thereby generating a mitigation investment portfolio for the state. An exploratory data analysis of FEMA OpenData sets, supplemented by data on disaster damage and recovery, was conducted to develop a portfolio of mitigation actions implemented in the State of Louisiana since 1989 and to calculate damage to mitigation and recovery to mitigation expenditure ratios. Not surprisingly, Louisiana relies heavily on funding from the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, which it largely spends on home elevations and acquisitions with limited utilization of other mitigation actions. Our analysis of Louisiana expenditures shows that, on average, residents suffer nearly $260 in direct disaster losses for every $1 invested in mitigation and the federal government spends $10 on recovery for every $1 invested in mitigation. At these levels, mitigation investments are ineffective and/or insufficient in stabilizing the state's damage trajectory. individual papers. This paper is part of the Natural Hazards Review, © ASCE, ISSN 1527-6988. © ASCE04019013-1 Nat. Hazards Rev.Nat. Hazards Rev., 2020, 21 (1): 04019013 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. © ASCE 04019013-2 Nat. Hazards Rev. Nat. Hazards Rev., 2020, 21(1): 04019013 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. © ASCE 04019013-3 Nat. Hazards Rev. Nat. Hazards Rev., 2020, 21(1): 04019013 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. © ASCE 04019013-7 Nat. Hazards Rev. Nat. Hazards Rev., 2020, 21(1): 04019013 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. © ASCE 04019013-9 Nat. Hazards Rev. Nat. Hazards Rev., 2020, 21(1): 04019013 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. © ASCE 04019013-11 Nat. Hazards Rev. Nat. Hazards Rev., 2020, 21(1): 04019013 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. © ASCE 04019013-12 Nat. Hazards Rev. Nat. Hazards Rev., 2020, 21(1): 04019013 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. © ASCE 04019013-16 Nat. Hazards Rev. Nat. Hazards Rev., 2020, 21(1): 04019013 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20.

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Assessing the Quality of Rural Hazard Mitigation Plans in the Southeastern United States

Cited by 91 publications

References 34 publications

Sustainability and Disaster Planning: What Are the Connections?

Sustainability and Disaster Planning: What Are the Connections?

Challenges of Post-Disaster Recovery in Rural Areas

If Mitigation Saves $6 Per Every $1 Spent, Then Why Are We Not Investing More? A Louisiana Perspective on a National Issue

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