Assessing the relationship between ground levels of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with coronavirus (COVID-19) in Milan, Italy

Zoran, Maria A.; Savastru, Roxana; Săvăstru, D.; Tautan, Marina N.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140005

Cited by 220 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Ozone levels have increased as a result of human activities. Photochemical processes influenced by anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors (NO 2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) have caused the current tropospheric ozone levels to be substantially higher compared to the natural background levels [ 29 ]. The critical aspect of ozone is related to its complex photochemistry, as the rates of ozone formation and accumulation are non-linear functions of the mixture of VOCs and NO x in the atmosphere [ 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact on Air Quality of the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Urban Area of Palermo (Italy)

Vultaggio

Varrica²,

Alaimo³

2020

IJERPH

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At the end of 2019, the first cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were reported in Wuhan, China. Thereafter, the number of infected people increased rapidly, and the outbreak turned into a national crisis, with infected individuals all over the country. The COVID-19 global pandemic produced extreme changes in human behavior that affected air quality. Human mobility and production activities decreased significantly, and many regions recorded significant reductions in air pollution. The goal of our investigation was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the concentrations of the main air pollutants in the urban area of Palermo (Italy). In this study, the trends in the average concentrations of CO, NO2, O3, and PM10 in the air from 1 January 2020 to 31 July 2020 were compared with the corresponding average values detected at the same monitoring stations in Palermo during the previous five years (2015–2019). During the lockdown period (10 March–30 April), we observed a decrease in the concentrations of CO, NO2, and particulate matter (PM)10, calculated to be about 51%, 50%, and 45%, respectively. This confirms that air pollution in an urban area is predominantly linked to vehicular traffic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact on Air Quality of the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Urban Area of Palermo (Italy)

Vultaggio

Varrica²,

Alaimo³

2020

IJERPH

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“…Also, some studies conclude that long term exposure to NO 2 and other air pollutants contribute indirectly to COVID-19 fatalities ( Ogen, 2020 ) due to its detrimental effect on the cardio-respiratory and immune systems that manifests as hypertension ( Shin et al, 2020 ), cardiovascular disease ( Mann et al, 2002 ), chronic pulmonary disease ( Euler et al, 1988 ), and a diminished response to viral and bacterial infections ( Ciencewicki and Jaspers, 2007 ). Moreover, it is also proposed that the same pollutants can participate directly in the transmission of COVID-19 as a coronavirus carrier ( Bontempi, 2020 ; Sasidharan et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ; Zoran et al, 2020 ). However, this last observation is not yet demonstrated, since high levels of air pollutants are usually evident in cities with high human population and hence, high human interaction ( Pisoni and Van Dingenen, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrease of mobility, electricity demand, and NO2 emissions on COVID-19 times and their feedback on prevention measures

Corpus-Mendoza

Ruiz-Segoviano

Rodriguez-Contreras

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on 2020 has affected human activities in a way never documented in modern history. As a consequence of the prevention measures implemented to contain the virus, cities around the world are experiencing a decrease in urban mobility and electricity demand that have positively affected the air quality. The most extreme cases for cities around the world show a decrease of 90, 40, and 70% in mobility, electricity demand, and NO 2 emissions respectively. At the same time, the inspection of these changes along the evaluation of COVID-19 incidence curves allow to obtain feedback about the timely execution of prevention measures for this and future global events. In this case, we identify and discuss the early effort of Latin-American countries to successfully delay the spread of the virus by implementing prevention measures before the fast growth of COVID-19 cases in comparison to European countries.

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“…For instance, NO 2 is one of the harmful air pollutant gases which might be responsible for causing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Abbey et al 1993;Euler et al 1988), (Shin et al 2020), heart diseases (Gan et al 2012;Mann et al 2002), diabetes (Shin et al 2020), lung injuries (Bowatte et al 2017), and even death in humans, which can make them susceptible to various respiratory viruses or syndromes. In the current pandemic situation, many studies are carried out to analyse that NO 2 could be one of the responsible factors for COVID-19 fatality (Baldasano 2020;Dutheil et al 2020;Frontera et al 2020;Kumari and Toshniwal 2020;Nakada and Urban 2020;Ogen 2020;Pansini and Fornacca 2020;Ranjan et al 2020;Zoran et al 2020).…”

Section: Google Earth Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Geospatial Technology for Infectious Disease Surveillance: Use Case on COVID-19

Saran

Singh

Kumar

et al. 2020

J Indian Soc Remote Sens

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This paper discusses on the increasing relevancy of geospatial technologies such as geographic information system (GIS) in the public health domain, particularly for the infectious disease surveillance and modelling strategies. Traditionally, the disease mapping tasks have faced many challenges-(1) authors rarely documented the evidence that were used to create map, (2) before evolution of GIS, many errors aroused in mapping tasks which were expanded extremely at global scales, and (3) there were no fidelity assessment of maps which resulted in inaccurate precision. This study on infectious diseases geo-surveillance is divided into four broad sections with emphasis on handling geographical and temporal issues to help in public health decision-making and planning policies: (1) geospatial mapping of diseases using its spatial and temporal information to understand their behaviour across geography; (2) the citizen's involvement as volunteers in giving health and disease data to assess the critical situation for disease's spread and prevention in neighbourhood effect; (3) scientific analysis of health-related behaviour using mathematical epidemiological and geo-statistical approaches with (4) capacity building program. To illustrate each theme, recent case studies are cited and case studies are performed on COVID-19 to demonstrate selected models.

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Assessing the relationship between ground levels of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with coronavirus (COVID-19) in Milan, Italy

Cited by 220 publications

References 86 publications

Impact on Air Quality of the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Urban Area of Palermo (Italy)

Impact on Air Quality of the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Urban Area of Palermo (Italy)

Decrease of mobility, electricity demand, and NO2 emissions on COVID-19 times and their feedback on prevention measures

Review of Geospatial Technology for Infectious Disease Surveillance: Use Case on COVID-19

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