Assessing the Relationship Between Religiosity and Recidivism Among Adult Probationers in Pakistan

Abstract

Although empirical evidence supports a relationship between religiosity and criminal behavior, debate continues about the theoretical mechanisms by which they are related. Moreover, the topic has been largely ignored by practicing clinicians and correctional workers. The Muslim Religiosity-Personality Inventory: Abridged was administered to low-risk Pakistani probationers and factor analyzed, after which probationers’ recidivism was monitored. Five oblique factors were obtained, three of which were correlated with recidivism (Religious Practice, Religious–Moral Values, and Fundamental Religious Beliefs), as was the full scale, while two were not (Importance of Religion and Rejection of Nonbeliever). In a logistic regression, Religious–Moral Values and Religious Practices contributed to the prediction of probationer recidivism. However, when demographic characteristics were introduced, education and marital status replaced Religious Practices. This study supports the religiosity–crime link in a non-Western, Muslim culture. Implications for assessing religiosity and for practitioners in the justice system are discussed.

Geometrical Modelling of Recidivism

“…As far as religious practices are concerned, our findings are contrary to the previous studies. The study by Bhutta, Wormith, and Zidenberg (2019) found an association between religious practices and recidivism, but our study reported the contrary results. Our findings in this regard are also contrary to Johnson, Larson and Pitts (1997)…”

An Inquiry into the Relationship between Drug Users’ Psychological Situations and Their Drug-Taking Behaviour

“…The present study shortened the length of three scales to ensure the motivation of drug users to complete the questionnaire. To serve specific research purposes and fulfil particular needs of participants, modifications or simplifications on existing scales are common among social sciences research (i.e., [ 44 , 45 ]). Given that about 95% of the participants had been educated to secondary school level or below, undereducated participants perceived a heavy burden for the longer questionnaire, predicting a lower response rate, and more answers lacking a response [ 46 , 47 ].…”

Capturing Incarceration: A phenomenological study of Recidivism in Convicted Women

“…Moreover, the situation is becoming worse as the criminals of minor crimes arrested in prison and when they comeback from prison they become more professional offenders (Bhutta & Wormith, 2019). Prisoner's worldwide face myriad challenges (social, financial, jobs, psychological etc.…”