Assessing the relationship between rumination and cortisol: A review

Depressed adolescents' pupillary response to peer acceptance and rejection: The role of rumination

“…The current study examined variation within currently depressed adolescents' physiological reactivity to peer feedback as a means of identifying vulnerable subsamples who struggle with heightened reactions to these salient daily events, which may serve to maintain or worsen depressive episodes. Rumination is a maladaptive emotional regulation strategy that serves to magnify emotional reactions [7,8], and is associated with greater reactivity to interpersonal stress [17] and poorer depression treatment response [20,21,22,23]. Thus the current study tested whether rumination explained variation in depressed adolescents' physiological reactivity to peer feedback.…”

“…Specifically, rumination has been linked with greater cortisol reactivity and delayed recovery in response to social stress and rejection in adults [15,16,17]; and cardiovascular reactivity to interpersonal stress in children [18]. Therefore, depressed adolescents' higher on trait rumination may be more negatively impacted by peer feedback as the tendency to perseverate on past social 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 RUMINATION AND PUPILLARY RESPONSE 5 interactions places them at greater risk for a longer and more severe course of depression.…”

Gene×cognition interaction on stress-induced eating: Effect of rumination

“…This thinking pattern has been linked to a range of negative affects, particularly depression and anxiety (Kirkegaard Thomsen, 2006). Rumination is a particularly noteworthy factor when studying the consequences of stress vulnerability because it places the body in a continuous state of stress -and thus induces long-lasting elevated levels of stress hormones (namely cortisol) -even after the negative event has ended (Zoccola and Dickerson, 2012). In addition to such a continuous form of stress, this thinking pattern causes negative events to be more easily recognized, resulting in even more persistent psycho-physiological stress, as stated by the perseverative cognition hypothesis (Brosschot et al, 2006).…”

“…Similar results have been found in other research. For example, in Zoccola and Dickerson's (2012) review, the results of 15 studies on the effect of rumination on cortisol were examined. Most of the studies showed that people who tend to ruminate, also show higher cortisol responses to stressors or an overall higher baseline level of cortisol.…”

“…First, an event that is perceived as threatening leads to enhanced 5-HT HPA-axis activation to support stress adaptation. However, when people repeatedly experience stress and negative affect as a function of cognitive rumination, the resulting long-lasting increase in serotonergic and HPA activation (and stress hormones) may decrease 5-HT sensitization and HPA function, thereby unbalancing these stress systems and increasing the risk of stressrelated affective disturbances (Van Praag, 2004;Zoccola and Dickerson, 2012). Particularly when combined with a genetic (S-allele of the 5-HTTLPR) vulnerability factor, this type of process might further exacerbate the negative effects of long-lasting stress experiences because this genotype causes greater brain 5-HT sensitization (to compensate for decreased 5-HTT expression (David et al, 2005)) and HPA stress responsiveness (Karg et al, 2011;Miller et al, 2013).…”