Assessing the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy

Constable, Ian; Knuiman, M.; Welborn, T.; Cooper, Richard L.; Stanton, Krista; McCann, Vincent J.; Grose, G. C.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(84)90446-x

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, our data confirm a finding well known from other studies that emphasize the duration of diabetes as one of the most important risk factors of diabetic retinopathy [2,4,11,12,15,29,30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in adult and elderly subjects: The Casteldaccia Eye Study

Giuffrè

Lodato

Dardanoni³

2004

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in adult and elderly subjects: The Casteldaccia Eye Study

Giuffrè

Lodato

Dardanoni³

2004

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…The blood pressure difference (supine-erect) has been found to be the independently-related variable for retinopathy and vision-threatening retinopathy [7] as well as neuropathy and nephropathy (M. Knuiman, unpublished data). This phenomenon is unexplained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The diabetic subjects were voluntary respondents to surveys held in major country centres 50-800 km from Perth, Western Australia, in 1978-1982 [7], for the purpose of screening for the ophthalmic and vascular complications of diabetes. The centres were Kalgoorlie, Busselton, Geraldton, Albany, Bunbury, Northam, Esperance, Mandurah, Narrogin, Port Hedland, Merredin and Moora.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical macrovascular disease in Caucasoid diabetic subjects: logistic regression analysis of risk variables

et al. 1984

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Summary.A cross-sectional study of 1084 Caucasoid diabetic subjects in rural Western Australia revealed a high rate of clinical macrovascular disease (46%), including coronary heart disease (13%), stroke (8%), and peripheral vascular disease (38%). Age was the major time-related variable for total macrovascular disease and for peripheral vascular disease, with identical prevalence rates in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes when age was taken into account. In 179 Type t diabetic subjects, logistic regression analysis showed no associated risk factors other than age. In 905 Type 2 diabetic subjects the independent risk factors for total macrovascular disease, identified by a forward stepwise selection procedure, were age as the major contributor, with plasma creatinine levels and plasma glucose levels (all p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, serum total cholesterol levels, and the (supine-erect) systolic blood pressure difference (all p < 0.05). There were no direct associations with percentage desirable weight, cigarette smoking or male sex. Type 2 diabetic subjects demonstrated a very strong negative association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease, and significant associations were found also between plasma glucose levels and coronary heart disease (p < 0.01), and glycosylated haemoglobin levels and peripheral vascular disease (p < 0.001).

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“…One obvious consideration is that patients past puberty have had the disease longer. Some studies have suggested that puberty does not offer protection against the development of retinopathy, but that the infrequency of occurrence is related to the short duration of the disease during pre-pubescence (Constable et al 1984;Knuiman et al 1986;Porta et al 2004;Szabo et al 1967). Porta et al, in a retrospective analysis of 628 patients with diabetes and an onset of <29 years, found that retinopathy (determination of pubertal age was not available) may take longer to develop in patients who develop diabetes before puberty, but that after 20 years duration the prevalence of retinopathy is no longer influenced by the age of onset (Porta et al 2004).…”

Section: Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%