Assessing the risk of resistance in <i>Pseudoperonospora cubensis</i> to the fungicide flumorph <i>in vitro</i>

Zhu, Shusheng; Liu, Pengfei; Liu, Xili; Li, Jianqiang; Yuan, Shankui; Nai-guo, SI

doi:10.1002/ps.1515

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As a consequence the CesA3 enzyme should generally be a suitable target for CAA fungicides in all oomycetes. Several studies reported the high activity of CAAs against Peronosporales (Cohen & Gisi, 2007;Gisi et al 2007;Cohen et al 2008;Zhu et al 2008;Kim et al 2009;Lu et al 2010) but only few studies addressed the insensitivity of the Pythiales against this fungicide class (Albert et al 1988;Stenzel et al 1998;. It is surprising that the CAAs were never tested against representatives of the animal parasitic order Saprolegniales, members of which can cause enormous losses in aquaculture (van West 2006;Phillips et al 2008), or against plant parasitic Albuginales causing white blister rust.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…P. infestans, P. capsici, Bremia lactucae, P. cubensis, P. viticola (Cohen & Gisi 2007;Gisi et al 2007;Cohen et al 2008;Zhu et al 2008;Kim et al 2009;Lu et al 2010) and to some extent in Pythiales (Albert et al 1988;Stenzel et al 1998;. However, comprehensive data about CAA sensitivity of oomycete species outside Peronosporales or Pythiales is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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The cellulose synthase 3 (CesA3) gene of oomycetes: structure, phylogeny and influence on sensitivity to carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides

et al. 2012

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The cellulose synthase 3 (CesA3) gene of oomycetes: structure, phylogeny and influence on sensitivity to carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides

et al. 2012

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“…The first report of resistance in oomycetes against phenylamides was reported in Israel in 1979, just two years after the introduction of metalaxyl for the control of P. cubensis (Reuveni et al 1980). During the last 20 years, resistance of P. cubensis against other fungicides was also recorded (Table 7) Lebeda 2006, 2007;Zhu et al 2008;Okada and Furukawa 2008;Zhang et al 2008;Olaya et al 2009). …”

Section: Chemical Controlmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cucurbit downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis)—biology, ecology, epidemiology, host-pathogen interaction and control

2010

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Cucurbit downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is a devastating, worldwide-distributed disease of cucurbit crops in the open field and under cover. This review provides recent data on the taxonomy, biology, ecology, host range, geographic distribution and epidemiology of P. cubensis. Special attention is given to host-pathogen interactions between P. cubensis and its economicallyimportant cucurbit hosts (Cucumis sativus, C. melo, Cucurbita pepo, C. maxima, and Citrullus lanatus); pathogenic variability in P. cubensis at the species, genus, and population levels; and, differentiation of pathotypes and races. Genetics and variability of host resistance and cellular and molecular aspects of such resistance are considered. A focus is given to methods of crop protection, including prevention and agrotechnical aspects, breeding for resistance-classical and transgenic approaches, chemical control and fungicide resistance. Novel technologies in biological and integrated control are also discussed. This review also summarizes the most important topics for future research and international collaboration.

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“…Determining the response profiles of P. capsici field populations to pyrimorph and studying the characteristics of laboratory-generated mutants with pyrimorph resistance will be useful for estimating the risk that P. capsici can develop resistance to this new fungicide [32]. In the current study, we established the baseline sensitivity of P. capsici from 40 locations in 24 provinces of China to pyrimorph; we generated pyrimorph-resistant mutants with stable resistance by exposing isolates to pyrimorph in vitro ; and we then assessed the risk that P. capsici can develop resistance to pyrimorph.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to the Novel Fungicide Pyrimorph in Phytophthora capsici: Risk Assessment and Detection of Point Mutations in CesA3 That Confer Resistance

et al. 2013

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Pyrimorph is a novel fungicide with high activity against the plant pathogen Phytophthora capsici. We investigated the risk that P. capsici can develop resistance to pyrimorph. The baseline sensitivities of 226 P. capsici isolates, tested by mycelial growth inhibition, showed a unimodal distribution with a mean EC50 value of 1.4261 (±0.4002) µg/ml. Twelve pyrimorph-resistant mutants were obtained by repeated exposure to pyrimorph in vitro with a frequency of approximately 1×10−4. The resistance factors of the mutants ranged from 10.67 to 56.02. Pyrimorph resistance of the mutants was stable after 10 transfers on pyrimorph-free medium. Fitness in sporulation, cystospore germination, and pathogenicity in the pyrimorph-resistant mutants was similar to or less than that in the parental wild-type isolates. On detached pepper leaves and pepper plants treated with the recommended maximum dose of pyrimorph, however, virulence was greater for mutants with a high level of pyrimorph resistance than for the wild type. The results suggest that the risk of P. capsici developing resistance to pyrimorph is low to moderate. Among mutants with a high level of pyrimorph resistance, EC50 values for pyrimorph and CAA fungicides flumorph, dimethomorph, and mandipropamid were positively correlated. This indicated that point mutations in cellulose synthase 3 (CesA3) may confer resistance to pyrimorph. Comparison of CesA3 in isolates with a high level of pyrimorph resistance and parental isolates showed that an amino acid change from glutamine to lysine at position 1077 resulted in stable, high resistance in the mutants. Based on the point mutations, an allele-specific PCR method was developed to detect pyrimorph resistance in P. capsici populations.

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Assessing the risk of resistance in Pseudoperonospora cubensis to the fungicide flumorph in vitro

Abstract: The above results suggest that the resistance risk of flumorph may be similar to that of dimethomorph but lower than that of azoxystrobin and can be classified as moderate. Thus, it can be managed by appropriate product use strategies.

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

The cellulose synthase 3 (CesA3) gene of oomycetes: structure, phylogeny and influence on sensitivity to carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides

The cellulose synthase 3 (CesA3) gene of oomycetes: structure, phylogeny and influence on sensitivity to carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides

Cucurbit downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis)—biology, ecology, epidemiology, host-pathogen interaction and control

Resistance to the Novel Fungicide Pyrimorph in Phytophthora capsici: Risk Assessment and Detection of Point Mutations in CesA3 That Confer Resistance

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