Assessing the structure and meaningfulness of the dissociative subtype of PTSD

Ross, Jana; Baník, Gabriel; Dědová, Mária; Mikulášková, Gabriela; Armour, Chérie

doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1445-2

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Finally, in the GPS, dissociative symptoms load on a separate factor, coherently with the DSM 5 dissociative specification (Hansen et al, 2017b;Longo et al, 2019;Rossi et al, 2019). The fact that dissociation loads onto a separate factor supports the Subtype model of the relationship between PTSD and dissociation (Hansen et al, 2017b;Ross et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Trauma-spectrum symptoms among the Italian general population in the time of the COVID-19 outbreak

Rossi

Socci

Talevi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Recent evidence showed substantial negative mental health outcomes associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic, including trauma-related symptoms although the effects on the Italian population who were subjected to unprecedented nationwide lockdown measure remains unknown. The Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) is a brief instrument designed to assess a broad range of trauma-related symptoms with no available validation in the Italian population. Aims: This study aimed at examining the factor structure of the Italian version of the GPS in a general population sample exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic and at evaluating trauma-related symptoms in the Italian population in the context of specific COVID-19 related risk factors associated with the implementation of lockdown measures and social distancing. Methods: Cross-sectional web-based observational study, as part of a long-term monitoring programme of mental health outcomes in the general population. 18147 participants completed a self-report online questionnaire to collect key demographic data and to evaluate trauma-related symptoms using the GPS, PHQ-9, GAD-7, ISI and PSS. Validation analyses included both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analyses. Results: Exploratory factor analyses supported both a two-factor and a three-factor model. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a one-factor solution that was used as a baseline comparison showed acceptable fit indices, the two-factor solution showed good fit indices, but the best fitting model was a three-factor solution, with Negative Affect (symptoms of depressed mood, anxiety, irritability), core Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) (avoidance, re-experiencing, hyperarousal and insomnia) and Dissociative symptoms. GPS Risk factors as well as specific COVID-19 related stressful events, were associated with GPS total as well as the three factor scores. Conclusions: Our data suggest that a wide range of trauma-spectrum symptoms were reported by a large Italian sample during the COVID-19 pandemic. The GPS symptoms clustered best in three factors: Negative Affect symptoms, Core PTSS, and Dissociative symptoms. In particular high rates of core PTSS and negative affect symptoms were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and should be routinely assessed in clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Trauma-spectrum symptoms among the Italian general population in the time of the COVID-19 outbreak

Rossi

Socci

Talevi

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…PTSD than trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD (Megías, Ryan, Vaquero, & Frese, 2007;Porter & Birt, 2001). Instead, it has been suggested that this symptom might be a defining feature of the dissociative subtype of PTSD (Miller et al, 2013;Ross, Baník, Dědová, Mikulášková, & Armour, 2018), as memory impairments have long been considered to be a symptom of dissociation (Dorahy & van der Haart, 2015;Lanius, Brand, Vermetten, Frewen, & Spiegel, 2012).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A network analysis of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder and functional impairment in UK treatment-seeking veterans

Ross

Murphy

Armour

2018

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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Network analysis is a relatively new methodology for studying psychological disorders. It focuses on the associations between individual symptoms which are hypothesized to mutually interact with each other. The current study represents the first network analysis conducted with treatment-seeking military veterans in UK. The study aimed to examine the network structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and four domains of functional impairment by identifying the most central (i.e., important) symptoms of PTSD and by identifying those symptoms of PTSD that are related to functional impairment. Participants were 331 military veterans with probable PTSD. In the first step, a network of PTSD symptoms based on the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 was estimated. In the second step, functional impairment items were added to the network. The most central symptoms of PTSD were recurrent thoughts, nightmares, negative emotional state, detachment and exaggerated startle response. Functional impairment was related to a number of different PTSD symptoms. Impairments in close relationships were associated primarily with the negative alterations in cognitions and mood symptoms and impairments in home management were associated primarily with the reexperiencing symptoms. The results are discussed in relation to previous PTSD network studies and include implications for clinical practice.

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“…This factor partially overlaps with DSM 5 criterion D 'Negative alterations in mood and cognition' as well as with the 'disturbances in selforganization' (DSO) criteria that characterize complex-PTSD in ICD-11 (Cloitre et al, 2013;Karatzias et al, 2017;Shevlin et al, 2018). Finally, in the GPS, dissociative symptoms constitute a separate factor, coherently with the DSM-5 dissociative specification of PTSD ('PTSD with dissociative symptoms') (Hansen, Ross, & Armour, 2017b;Longo, Cecora, Rossi, Niolu, & Siracusano, 2019;Rossi et al, 2019) and with the Dissociative Subtype model of PTSD (Hansen et al, 2017b;Ross, Baník, Dědová, Mikulášková, & Armour, 2018). The inclusion of cognitive and affective symptoms in the PTSD criteria by DSM 5 has produced a large number of different hypothesized latent factor structures of PTSD, with the result of increased confusion in stress-related disorders taxonomy (Hansen, Hyland, Armour, Shevlin, & Elklit, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma-spectrum symptoms among the Italian general population in the time of the COVID-19 outbreak

Rossi

Socci

Talevi

et al. 2021

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Recent evidence showed adverse mental health outcomes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including trauma-related symptoms. The Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) is a brief instrument designed to assess a broad range of trauma-related symptoms with no available validation in the Italian population. Aims: This study aimed to examine the factor structure of the Italian version of the GPS in a general population sample exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic and to evaluate traumarelated symptoms in the context of COVID-19 related risk factors associated with lockdown measures. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional web-based observational study as part of a longterm monitoring programme of mental health outcomes in the general population. Eighteen thousand one hundred forty-seven participants completed a self-report online questionnaire to collect key demographic data and evaluate trauma-related symptoms using the GPS, PHQ-9, GAD-7, ISI, and PSS. Validation analyses included both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analyses. The relation with putative COVID-19 related risk factors was explored by multivariate regression analysis. Results: Exploratory factor analyses supported a two-factor model. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the best fitting model was a three-factor solution, with core Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) (re-experiencing, avoidance, hyperarousal), Negative Affect (symptoms of depressed mood, anxiety, irritability), and Dissociative symptoms. GPS Risk factors and specific COVID-19 related stressful events were associated with GPS total and the three factor scores. Conclusions: Our data suggest that a wide range of trauma-spectrum symptoms were reported by a large Italian sample during the COVID-19 pandemic. The GPS symptoms clustered best in three factors: Negative Affect symptoms, Core PTSS, and Dissociative symptoms. In particular, high rates of core PTSS and negative affect symptoms were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and should be routinely assessed in clinical practice. Síntomas del espectro traumático en la población general italiana en el tiempo del brote de COVID-19Antecedentes: Evidencias recientes revelaron resultados adversos para la salud mental asociados con la pandemia de COVID-19, incluyendo síntomas relacionados con el trauma. El Mapeo Global de Psicotrauma (GPS, en sus siglas en inglés) es un breve instrumento diseñado para evaluar una amplia gama de síntomas relacionados con el trauma, sin validación disponible en la población italiana. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la estructura de factores de la versión italiana del GPS en una muestra de la población general expuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19 y evaluar los síntomas relacionados con el trauma en el contexto de los factores de riesgo relacionados con COVID-19 asociados con las medidas de confinamiento. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio observacional transversal basado en la web como parte de un programa de vigilancia a largo plazo de los resultados de ...

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Assessing the structure and meaningfulness of the dissociative subtype of PTSD

Cited by 25 publications

References 66 publications

Trauma-spectrum symptoms among the Italian general population in the time of the COVID-19 outbreak

Trauma-spectrum symptoms among the Italian general population in the time of the COVID-19 outbreak

A network analysis of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder and functional impairment in UK treatment-seeking veterans

Trauma-spectrum symptoms among the Italian general population in the time of the COVID-19 outbreak

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