Assessing the suitability of a manometric test system for determining the biodegradability of volatile hydrocarbons

Brown, David M.; Hughes, Christopher B.; Spence, Michael; Bonte, Matthijs; Whale, Graham

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.169

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Modifications to standard screening biodegradation tests are being explored to 1) apply such tests to UVCBs, and 2) improve the understanding of biodegradation for the constituents present in or representing those mixtures. These include the use of additional measurements, such as chemical analysis and measurement of biomass to aid interpretation, and passive dosing to establish suitable exposures of hydrophobic organic mixtures (Birch et al 2018; Brillet et al 2018; Brown et al 2018). It is recognized that further research is needed and that the influence of competitive effects, sequential degradation, cometabolism, and the conditions of screening tests on the results and their interpretation should be considered.…”

Section: Identification Of the Fate And Hazard Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Environmental Risk Assessment of Substances of Unknown or Variable Composition, Complex Reaction Products, or Biological Materials

Salvito

Fernández

Jenner

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials (UVCBs) pose unique risk assessment challenges to regulators and to product registrants. These substances can contain many constituents, sometimes partially unknown and/or variable, depending on fluctuations in their source material and/or manufacturing process. International regulatory agencies have highlighted the difficulties in characterizing UVCBs and assessing their toxicity and environmental fate. Several industrial sectors have attempted to address these issues by developing frameworks and characterization methods. Based on the output of a 2016 workshop, this critical review examines current practices for UVCB risk assessment and reveals a need for a multipronged and transparent approach integrating whole-substance and constituent-based information. In silico tools or empirical measurements can provide information on discrete and/or blocks of UVCB constituents with similar hazard properties. Read-across and/or wholesubstance toxicity and fate testing using adapted emerging methods can provide whole-substance information. Continued collaboration of stakeholders representing government, industry, and academia will facilitate the development of practical testing strategies and guidelines for addressing regulatory requirements for UVCBs.

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Section: Identification Of the Fate And Hazard Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Environmental Risk Assessment of Substances of Unknown or Variable Composition, Complex Reaction Products, or Biological Materials

Salvito

Fernández

Jenner

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…During incubation, the decline in oxygen (O 2 ) concentration is monitored over time with gas sensors, providing a measure of the maximum speed at which bacteria consume O 2 (i.e., respiration rate (RR), DOC normalised RR (RRn), and duration of rapid biodegradation (BdgT)) that relates to the physicochemical properties of the DNOM and other water quality properties. Optical sensors for dissolved oxygen have previously been used to measure the biodegradability of organic pollutants under incubation [16]. The estimation of the respiration rate of organic matter with optical sensors has been previously undertaken in our group [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Governing Biodegradability of Dissolved Natural Organic Matter in Lake Water

Crapart

Andersen

Hessen

et al. 2021

Water

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Dissolved Natural Organic Matter (DNOM) is a heterogeneous mixture of partly degraded, oxidised and resynthesised organic compounds of terrestrial or aquatic origin. In the boreal biome, it plays a central role in element cycling and practically all biogeochemical processes governing the physico-chemistry of surface waters. Because it plays a central role in multiple aquatic processes, especially microbial respiration, an improved understanding of the biodegradability of the DNOM in surface water is needed. Here the current study, we used a relatively cheap and non-laborious analytical method to determine the biodegradability of DNOM, based on the rate and the time lapse at which it is decomposed. This was achieved by monitoring the rate of oxygen consumption during incubation with addition of nutrients. A synoptic method study, using a set of lake water samples from southeast Norway, showed that the maximum respiration rate (RR) and the normalised RR (respiration rate per unit of carbon) of the DNOM in the lakes varied significantly. This RR is conceived as a proxy for the biodegradability of the DNOM. The sUVa of the DNOM and the C:N ratio were the main predictors of the RR. This implies that the biodegradability of DNOM in these predominantly oligotrophic and dystrophic lake waters was mainly governed by their molecular size and aromaticity, in addition to its C:N ratio in the same manner as found for soil organic matter. The normalised RR (independently of the overall concentration of DOC) was predicted by the molecular weight and by the origin of the organic matter. The duration of the first phase of rapid biodegradation of the DNOM (BdgT) was found to be higher in lakes with a mixture of autochthonous and allochthonous DNOM, in addition to the amount of biodegradable DNOM.

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“…Instead, experimentally determined biodegradation data for soil and sediment (e.g., derived from SST and WSST, respectively) should be preferred. Yet, these test systems may not be appropriate for all compounds as the OxiTop® system was shown to be not suitable for volatile and highly sorptive compounds (Brown et al ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compartment‐Specific Screening Tools for Persistence: Potential Role and Application in the Regulatory Context

Junker

Coors

Schüürmann

2019

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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The persistence assessment under the European Union regulation Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) relies on compartment‐specific degradation half‐lives derived from laboratory simulation studies with surface water, aquatic sediment, or soil. Although these data are given priority, they are not available for most of the compounds. Therefore, according to the Integrated Assessment and Testing Strategy (ITS) for persistence assessment, results from ready biodegradability tests (RBTs) are used within a persistence screening to decide whether a substance is considered as “not persistent” or “potentially persistent.” However, ready biodegradability is currently tested only in water. Consequently, there is a lack of approaches that include the soil and sediment compartments for persistence assessment at the screening level. In previous studies, compartment‐specific screening tools for water‐sediment (Water‐Sediment Screening Tool [WSST]) and soil (Soil Screening Tool [SST]) were developed based on the existing test guideline Organisation for Economic Development and Co‐operation (OECD TG 301C [MITI (Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan) test]). The test systems MITI, WSST, and SST were successfully applied to determine sound and reliable biodegradation data for 15 test compounds. In the present study, these results are used within the scope of a new alternative persistence screening approach, the Compartment‐Specific Persistence Screening (CSPS). Compared to the persistence screening under REACH, the CSPS is a more conservative approach that provides additional reasonable results, particularly for compounds that sorb to sediment and soil, and for which the current standard persistence screening might be insufficient. Thus, the CSPS can be used to identify potentially persistent and nonpersistent compounds in the regulatory context by a comprehensive assessment that includes water, soil, and sediment. Moreover, experimentally determined half‐lives from the compartment‐specific screening tools can be used as input for multimedia models that estimate, for example, overall persistence (Pov). The application of fixed half‐life factors to extrapolate from water to soil and sediment, which is here demonstrated to be inappropriate, can thereby be avoided. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:000–000. © 2019 SETAC

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Assessing the suitability of a manometric test system for determining the biodegradability of volatile hydrocarbons

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Improving the Environmental Risk Assessment of Substances of Unknown or Variable Composition, Complex Reaction Products, or Biological Materials

Improving the Environmental Risk Assessment of Substances of Unknown or Variable Composition, Complex Reaction Products, or Biological Materials

Factors Governing Biodegradability of Dissolved Natural Organic Matter in Lake Water

Compartment‐Specific Screening Tools for Persistence: Potential Role and Application in the Regulatory Context

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