Assessing the Sustainability of Urban Water Supply Systems

Richter, Brian; Blount, Mary Elizabeth; Bottorff, Cara; Brooks, Holly; Demmerle, Amanda; Gardner, Brittany L.; Herrmann, Haley; Kremer, Marnie; Kuehn, Thomas; Kulow, Emma; Lewis, L R; Lloyd, Haley K.; Madray, Chantal; Mauney, Christina I.; Mobley, Benjamin; Stenseth, Sydney; Strick, Alan Walker

doi:10.1002/awwa.1002

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Informed education, information sharing and simplified production are important to ensure good water quality [119]. Health and water are fundamentally interlinked and need to be constantly researched in terms of global development [120][121][122][123].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Water Treatment and Challenges in Developing Countries

Treacy¹

2019

The Relevance of Hygiene to Health in Developing Countries

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Safe drinking water remains inaccessible to many humans in the developing countries. Research continuously innovates to develop efficient and cheap methods to sustain clean water for developing countries. Developing nations are a broad term that includes countries that are less industrialised and have lower per capita income levels than developed countries. This chapter will discuss clean water for drinking water purposes. Pollution concerns of water in developing countries will be categorised in terms of physical, chemical and biological pollutants such as turbidity, organic matter and bacteria. Natural and anthropogenic pollution concerns linking with seasonal factors will be outlined. The multi-barrier approach to drinking water treatment will be discussed. Abstraction points used will be researched. Water treatment systems, medium-to small-scale approaches, will be discussed. The processes involved in removing the contaminants including physical processes such as sedimentation, filtration such as slow-sand filtration, coagulation and flocculation, and disinfectant processes such as chlorination will be reviewed. Other important methods including solar disinfection, hybrid filtration methods and arsenic removal technologies using innovative solid phase materials will be included in this chapter. Rainwater harvesting technologies are reviewed. Safe storage options for treated water are outlined. Challenges of water treatment in rural and urban areas will be outlined.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Water Treatment and Challenges in Developing Countries

Treacy¹

2019

The Relevance of Hygiene to Health in Developing Countries

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“…This is because, the same urban area can yield different rainfall effects due to dynamical environmental factors related to aerosol emissions, surface and boundary layer feedbacks, mesoscale convergence, and thermodynamic considerations. An objective assessment is however, increasingly important as cities continue being vulnerable to rainfall extremes witnessing both floods 15 and droughts 16–18 , and an emerging topic of interest is how precipitation changes are affected by the urban environment 19,20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of urbanization impact on rainfall modification

Liu

Niyogi

2019

Sci Rep

189

106

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Even though it is known that urbanization affects rainfall, studies vary regarding the magnitude and location of rainfall change. To develop a comprehensive understanding of rainfall modification due to urbanization, a systematic meta-analysis is undertaken. The initial search identified over 2000 papers of which 489 were carefully analyzed. From these papers, 85 studies from 48 papers could be used in a quantitative meta-analysis assessment. Results were analyzed for case studies versus climatological assessments, observational versus modeling studies and for day versus night. Results highlight that urbanization modifies rainfall, such that mean precipitation is enhanced by 18% downwind of the city, 16% over the city, 2% on the left and 4% on the right with respect to the storm direction. The rainfall enhancement occurred approximately 20–50 km from the city center. Study results help develop a more complete picture of the role of urban processes in rainfall modification and highlight that rainfall increases not only downwind of the city but also over the city. These findings have implications for urban flooding as well as hydroclimatological studies. This meta-analysis highlights the need for standardizing how the results are presented in future studies to aid the generalization of findings.

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“…The condition challenges cities to have a governance approach that ensures that water security in all its forms such as availability, accessibility, and quality to citizens ( Kirono et al, 2016 , Munasinghe, 2019 ). Previous studies indicate that cities should always have structures in place that involve citizens in decision-making on water-related issues to sustain water service delivery ( Nastar et al, 2018 , Richter et al, 2018 ). The idea of participation requires citizens working together with service providers rather than having a defined chain of command whereby citizens are disregarded in decision-making processes ( Abunyewah et al, 2020 ; Erdiaw-Kwasie and Yamoah, 2019 ; Okyere, Diko, Abunyewah, & Kita, 2019a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citizen participation dilemmas in water governance: An empirical case of Kumasi, Ghana

Erdiaw‐Kwasie

Abunyewah

Edusei

et al. 2020

World Development Perspectives

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Highlights Citizen participation offers a valuable pathway for equitable and sustainable water delivery. There is an increase in institutional search for ideal approaches to enhance local inputs in water decisions. Findings from the study show that citizens are willing to participate in decision-making on water-related process. Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) focuses more on the technical aspect of water delivery than the social aspect. Understanding of the trade-offs between institutional priorities and citizens’ involvement is a critical step.

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Assessing the Sustainability of Urban Water Supply Systems

Abstract: THE PERPETUAL NEED FOR SAFE WATER PRESENTS COMMUNITIES AND UTILITIES WITH 21ST‐CENTURY CHALLENGES; A RECENTLY DEVELOPED SERIES OF INDICATORS CAN HELP IN ESTABLISHING AND MONITORING WATER SUSTAINABILITY EFFORTS.

Cited by 32 publications

References 2 publications

Drinking Water Treatment and Challenges in Developing Countries

Drinking Water Treatment and Challenges in Developing Countries

Meta-analysis of urbanization impact on rainfall modification

Citizen participation dilemmas in water governance: An empirical case of Kumasi, Ghana

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