Assessing the threat status of amphibians in China

Jiang, Jianping; Xie, Feng; Chunxin, Zang; Cai, Lei; Li, Cheng; Wang, Bin; Li, Jia‐Tang; Wang, Jie; Hu, Junhua; Yan, Wang; Liu, Jiongyu

doi:10.17520/biods.2015348

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…To map the important areas for biodiversity conservation, we selected threatened species in the IUCN Red List or China's Red List as indicator species, including categories of critically endangered (CR), endangered (EN), and vulnerable (VU) (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33). The final selected list contains a total number of 1,534 species, including 955 plants, 152 mammals, 127 birds, 177 amphibians, and 123 reptiles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For details of all species evaluated, see Tables S3-S7. Because the range maps contained unsuitable habitat, we refined the potential habitat for each species based on specific distribution area, elevational range, and vegetation, as suggested by Li and Pimm (38). Data on specific distribution areas are from the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and supplemented by recent studies (31,36,(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50). Ecological requirements on elevation and vegetation for each species are from the Scientific Database of China Plant Species, the IUCN Red List, BirdLife International, and recent studies (36,40,48,(50)(51)(52).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strengthening protected areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services in China

Xiao

Zhang

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

549

277

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Recent expansion of the scale of human activities poses severe threats to Earth’s life-support systems. Increasingly, protected areas (PAs) are expected to serve dual goals: protect biodiversity and secure ecosystem services. We report a nationwide assessment for China, quantifying the provision of threatened species habitat and four key regulating services—water retention, soil retention, sandstorm prevention, and carbon sequestration—in nature reserves (the primary category of PAs in China). We find that China’s nature reserves serve moderately well for mammals and birds, but not for other major taxa, nor for these key regulating ecosystem services. China’s nature reserves encompass 15.1% of the country’s land surface. They capture 17.9% and 16.4% of the entire habitat area for threatened mammals and birds, but only 13.1% for plants, 10.0% for amphibians, and 8.5% for reptiles. Nature reserves encompass only 10.2–12.5% of the source areas for the four key regulating services. They are concentrated in western China, whereas much threatened species’ habitat and regulating service source areas occur in eastern provinces. Our analysis illuminates a strategy for greatly strengthening PAs, through creating the first comprehensive national park system of China. This would encompass both nature reserves, in which human activities are highly restricted, and a new category of PAs for ecosystem services, in which human activities not impacting key services are permitted. This could close the gap in a politically feasible way. We also propose a new category of PAs globally, for sustaining the provision of ecosystems services and achieving sustainable development goals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening protected areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services in China

Xiao

Zhang

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

549

277

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A large amount of microorganismal research has centered on vertebrates (Ellis & McSweeney, ; Ley, Lozupone, Lozupone, Hamady, Knight, & Gordon, ); however, amphibians have been neglected and are potential model animals in gut microbial studies (Knutie, Wilkinson, Wilkinson, Kohl, & Rohr, ). Amphibians represent a unique group and are currently experiencing severe population declines and extinctions primarily due to habitat destruction, environmental pollution, overexploitation, and emerging disease spread (Jiang et al, ). Previous research has focused on mitigating a devastating amphibian fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis , by focusing on cutaneous bacteria or antimicrobial peptides (Bai, Liu, Fisher, Garner, & Li, ; Briggs, Knapp, & Vredenburg, ; Colston & Jackson, ; Jiménez & Sommer, ; Ley, Hamady, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐related changes in the gut microbiota of the Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus)

et al. 2018

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The composition of the intestinal microbial community may vary across developmental stages. In this study, we explored how this microbial community shifted along the intestinal tract of the Chinese giant salamander ( Andrias davidianus ) at various ages. Next‐generation sequencing was used to sequence the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from different kind of samples, including the stomach, duodenum, ileum, and rectum. The highest mean relative abundance of the bacterial community in the gastrointestinal tract shifted in relation to age: within the first year, Bacteroidetes (47.76%) dominated the gut microbiome, whereas Proteobacteria was the most dominant at age 2 (32.88%) and age 3 (30.78%), and finally, Firmicutes was the most dominant at age 4 (34.70%). The overall richness of the gut bacterial community also generally increased from age 2 to 4. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the gut microbiome at age 2 had greater variability than that at either age 3 or 4, likely representing a shift in diet from yolk or redworms as a juvenile to shrimp or crab as an adult. As these salamanders develop, their gastrointestinal tracts increase in complexity, and this compartmentalization may also facilitate an increase in microbial gut diversity.

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“…The photoactivities of the samples were evaluated by the degradation of 4-CP in aqueous solution under simulated sunlight irradiation, which is identical with the method in the report [4,5].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Sm, N, and P tridoping enhanced the photoactivity of TiO 2 due to a synergetic effect of the more efficient inhibition of the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, the increase in the visible light absorption ability, surface hydroxyl and specific surface area, as well as the improvement of the surface textural properties [4]. However, the subsequent high temperature calcination required to remove surface organic remainders and to achieve high crystallinity can cause collapse of pores and hard agglomeration of nanoparticles, as well as progressive removal of surface hydroxyl groups [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%