Assessing the validity of three tasks of risk‐taking propensity

Zhou, Ran; Myung, Jay I.; Mathews, Carol A.; Pitt, Mark A.

doi:10.1002/bdm.2229

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…We investigated how children with dD and age-matched controls play a probabilistic risk-reward decision-making game adapted for children with dD from the Angling Risk Task ( Pleskac, 2008 ; Zhou et al, 2021 ) and explored how cognitive constructs measured by the game (risk propensity and behavioral consistency) are associated with striatal brain structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic Decision-Making in Children With Dyslexia

Pereira

Zhou²,

Pitt³

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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BackgroundNeurocognitive mechanisms underlying developmental dyslexia (dD) remain poorly characterized apart from phonological and/or visual processing deficits. Assuming such deficits, the process of learning complex tasks like reading requires the learner to make decisions (i.e., word pronunciation) based on uncertain information (e.g., aberrant phonological percepts)—a cognitive process known as probabilistic decision making, which has been linked to the striatum. We investigate (1) the relationship between dD and probabilistic decision-making and (2) the association between the volume of striatal structures and probabilistic decision-making in dD and typical readers.MethodsTwenty four children diagnosed with dD underwent a comprehensive evaluation and MRI scanning (3T). Children with dD were compared to age-matched typical readers (n = 11) on a probabilistic, risk/reward fishing task that utilized a Bayesian cognitive model with game parameters of risk propensity (γ+) and behavioral consistency (β), as well as an overall adjusted score (average number of casts, excluding forced-fail trials). Volumes of striatal structures (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens) were analyzed between groups and associated with game parameters.ResultsdD was associated with greater risk propensity and decreased behavioral consistency estimates compared to typical readers. Cognitive model parameters associated with timed pseudoword reading across groups. Risk propensity related to caudate volumes, particularly in the dD group.ConclusionDecision-making processes differentiate dD, associate with the caudate, and may impact learning mechanisms. This study suggests the need for further research into domain-general probabilistic decision-making in dD, neurocognitive mechanisms, and targeted interventions in dD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic Decision-Making in Children With Dyslexia

Pereira

Zhou²,

Pitt³

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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Eliciting risk preferences: is a single item enough?

Zhang,

Howard,

Matthews

et al. 2023

Journal of Risk Research

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Economists and psychologists frequently use single-item measures of risk preferences despite potential limitations in reliability and criterion validity compared to their multi-item counterparts. This can be particularly problematic when individual differences in risk preferences are used to predict real-world economic, health, and financial outcomes. In this paper, we compare a popular single-item measure of risk preference, the General Risk Question (GRQ), to multi-item measures of domain-general and -specific risk preference measures. In a two-wave survey study of 434 adults, we found that the GRQ had good psychometric reliability and converged with other multi-item measures of risk preferences. The GRQ also exhibited a similar pattern of associations with other personality and demographic variables as compared to multiitem measures. However, the predictive validity of the GRQ was lower than multi-item measures for most of the outcomes examined. The GRQ also explained less incremental variance for realworld outcomes over the Big Five personality traits than the multi-item counterparts. Although the GRQ is a construct-valid measure of risk preferences, researchers should nonetheless consider the trade-off between survey efficiency and predictive efficacy when deciding whether a single item is enough.

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Investigating the impact of formal ethical infrastructure in the organization on the ethical decision-making of accountants by expressing the mediating role of risk-taking propensity

Kamrani,

Etemadi,

Rezazadeh

2023

aapc

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Ethical decisions of accountants can have wide favorable or unfavorable effects on the organization. Understanding this importance, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of formal ethical infrastructure in the organization on the ethical decision-making of accountants with regard to the mediating role of risk-taking propensity. The research method carried out here is descriptive of the correlation type, the statistical population of the research includes accountants, auditors and financial managers working in Iranian companies in . The available random sample, using Cochran's formula, consists of people. For this purpose, by reviewing previous researches, the effect of formal ethical infrastructure variables in the organization (including formal communication, formal surveillance, formal sanction) on ethical decision-making has been investigated. Then, the questionnaire was distributed among the respondents as a tool for collecting research data. The respondents were employed in the field of accounting, auditing and finance. In order to analyze the findings, the research model has been developed by considering the factors affecting ethical decision-making and with the help of the structural equation modeling method. The findings show that the formal ethical infrastructure in the organization has a positive and significant effect on the ethical decision-making of accountants. Also, the effect of formal ethical infrastructure in the organization on the ethical decision-making of accountants with the mediating variable of risk-taking propensity is

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Assessing the validity of three tasks of risk‐taking propensity

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Probabilistic Decision-Making in Children With Dyslexia

Probabilistic Decision-Making in Children With Dyslexia

Eliciting risk preferences: is a single item enough?

Investigating the impact of formal ethical infrastructure in the organization on the ethical decision-making of accountants by expressing the mediating role of risk-taking propensity

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