Assessing the value of token reinforcement for individuals with autism

Fiske, Kate; Isenhower, Robert W.; Bamond, Meredith J.; Delmolino, Lara; Sloman, Kimberly N.; LaRue, Robert

doi:10.1002/jaba.207

Cited by 17 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The findings of this study overlap significantly with those of Fiske et al (). Both studies indicate that token systems can have similar effects to primary reinforcement for some learners.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The current study used a task similar to Cividini‐Motta and Ahearn and found the MSA to be suitable to determine the relative reinforcing efficacy of tokens and other social consequences. The current study also addressed a limitation of Fiske et al’s () study by using the MSA as an expedient alternative to the PR reinforcer assessment for the evaluation of tokens. The duration of the MSA assessment in the current study ranged from 26 to 36 min, whereas the duration of the PR assessment in Fiske et al ranged from 1 hr 28 min to 2 hr 29 min.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fiske et al () found that PR schedules helped clarify the reinforcing value of a token system (i.e., not consistently effective) for two learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, PR schedules can become aversive as schedule requirements are increased (Dardano, ; Poling, ) and can be time consuming to complete.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, lengthy PR assessments as conducted in Fiske et al () could prohibit inclusion of conditions that might clarify the value and function of the token. Fiske et al noted their exclusion of a condition in which previously established tokens were delivered without backup reinforcement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the limitations of Fiske et al’s () token evaluation, a quick alternative assessment of the reinforcing value of tokens would be useful. As an alternative to PR schedules, multiple schedules have utility in the evaluation of reinforcement schedules (Saini, Miller, & Fisher, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An analysis of the value of token reinforcement using a multiple‐schedule assessment

Fiske

Isenhower

Bamond

et al. 2019

J of App Behav Analysis

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Token systems are widely used in clinical settings, necessitating the development of methods to evaluate the reinforcing value of these systems. In the current paper, we replicated the use of a multiple-schedule reinforcer assessment (MSA; Smaby, MacDonald, Ahearn, & Dube, 2007) to evaluate the components of a token economy system for 4 learners with autism. Token systems had reinforcing value similar to primary reinforcers for 2 of the 4 learners, but resulted in lower rates of responding than primary reinforcers for the other 2 learners. Differentiated responding across learners may warrant variation in clinical recommendations on the use of tokens. The results of this study support formal assessment of token system effectiveness, and the MSA procedure provides an efficient method by which to conduct such assessments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An analysis of the value of token reinforcement using a multiple‐schedule assessment

Fiske

Isenhower

Bamond

et al. 2019

J of App Behav Analysis

Self Cite

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Working with Siblings of Children with Autism: A Solution‐focused Approach

Turns

Eddy

Jordan

2016

ANZ J of Family Therapy

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The literature on how autism spectrum disorders (ASD) impact the family unit primarily focuses on the negative experiences of parents and neurotypical (NT) siblings. This unintentional focus may impact the therapist's ability to identify strengths within the family unit and further perpetuate the misconception that ASD is only a ‘problem.’ This paper reviews NT siblings’ experiences of living with an ASD sibling. A solution‐focused brief therapy framework is used in order to alter the covert message that an ASD diagnosis is a ‘problem’ for the families. Recommendations are provided to assist family therapists in focusing on the positive experiences reported by the NT sibling in ASD families, especially the relationship with his or her diagnosed sibling and primary caregivers.

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An assessment of token value and effectiveness: A replication

Hangen

Romero

Norris

et al. 2023

J of App Behav Analysis

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The purpose of the current study was to conduct a systematic replication of Fiske et al. (2015) to extend the behavior‐analytic literature on token reinforcement. Specifically, the researchers addressed several of the limitations of Fiske et al. by including specific conditioning procedures, creating a controlled history of reinforcement with the token system, including participants with and without disabilities to extend the generality of the findings, and equating the magnitude of reinforcement across the primary and paired‐token conditions. The current study evaluated the reinforcing value of tokens by using progressive‐ratio schedules to compare the efficacy of primary reinforcement, paired tokens, and unpaired tokens. The results suggest that paired tokens may function as reinforcers, but they were not as consistently effective as primary reinforcers.

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Assessing the value of token reinforcement for individuals with autism

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

An analysis of the value of token reinforcement using a multiple‐schedule assessment

An analysis of the value of token reinforcement using a multiple‐schedule assessment

Working with Siblings of Children with Autism: A Solution‐focused Approach

An assessment of token value and effectiveness: A replication

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