Assessing Urbanization in the Surroundings of International Baghdad Airport Using Landsat Data

A monthly correlation between urban vegetation growth and potential evapotranspiration (PET) is needed for better knowledge of controlling water resources and organized irrigation processes. This study aims to explore their relationship within an urban area like Baghdad, using a linear regression model to derive a best-fit line drawn in a scatterplot on a monthly time scale. Based on two different monthly data sources: weather variables (e.g., air temperature, solar radiation, and relative humidity) and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery of 2 years, 2018 and 2021, this study presented the interannual variations of PET and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The choice of these years has a significant feature of climatic differences, which are arid and semi-arid, respectively. PET values were estimated by the Truc method, while the areas of vegetation (represented by NDVI) were calculated using the Geographic Information Sensing program. The results show that the maximum PET in both years was found in the summer months (June and July) with mean values of about 8.8 mm/day, while their minimum mean values of about 1.5 mm/day occurred in winter months (January and December). From the spatial distribution of NDVI, it was found that at positive pixels when NDVI >0.2, vegetation cover in March, April, and December 2018 had large areas with more than 200 km2 in 2018, while they were largest only in May 2021 with 197.8 km2. There was a linear correlation with slope (0.03) and intercept (= 1.8) and a strong correlation, R 2 = 0.72. The practical implications of the findings contribute to enhancing a solid scientific basis for improving agricultural water management, especially under dry conditions.

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Impact of Built-up Areas Surrounding the International Baghdad Airport on Aviation Meteorology

Al-Jiboori,

Mohowes

2023

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources

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This study focuses on the development of urbanization around International Baghdad Airport and its impact on aviation meteorology in terms of the vertical changes of air temperature and wind. Based on the results published in [Zeina, Al-Jiboori 2023], built-up areas were calculated using the satellite images of Landsat in ArcGIS 10.7 software in the month of July in five-year intervals between 1985 and 2020: 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020. The result shows that surface air temperature has the lowest value, at 34.85 °C, in 1985, and the highest one, at 39.55 °C, in 2020. Variations in wind shear were also observed in 1990, 2005 and 2015 with a value of 0.06 s-1, while 2000 and 2020 both had a value of 0.054 s-1. In representing the relationship between the extracted areas and their meteorological parameters, we found a weak positive relationship between Built-up Index (BUI) area and air temperature, and a significant positive correlation between BUI areas and wind shear.

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Assessing Urbanization in the Surroundings of International Baghdad Airport Using Landsat Data

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Combining Remote Sensing Dataset, Machine Learning, and Explainable AI for Detailed Human Development Index Monitoring in East Java, Indonesia

Combining Remote Sensing Dataset, Machine Learning, and Explainable AI for Detailed Human Development Index Monitoring in East Java, Indonesia

Interannual variations of normalized difference vegetation index and potential evapotranspiration and their relationship in the Baghdad area

Impact of Built-up Areas Surrounding the International Baghdad Airport on Aviation Meteorology

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