Assessing visibility, legibility and comprehension for interactive whiteboards (IWBs) vs. computers

Mégalakaki, Olga; Aparicio, Xavier; Porion, Alexandre; Pasqualotti, Léa; Baccino, Thierry

doi:10.1080/01443410.2015.1025706

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The unframed cluster was further divided to 2 subclusters U1 and U2, in which the icons differed with regard to the number of gear elements. U1 included icons depicting singular elements (icon 1-14) whereas U2 included icons depicting multiple elements (icon [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Thus, the attribute for this level was named complexity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most previous research on the effects of color on interface icons has focused on the identification of colors or color combinations capable of maximizing visibility impact. This issue has been referred to as legibility in some studies, whereas other researchers have described it as noticeability, selectability, or salience . Most of this research is based on tasks aimed at assessing the degree to which various color conditions affect the accuracy and efficiency of visual searches .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple roles of color information in the perception of icon‐type images

Hsieh

2017

Color Research & Application

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Despite the ubiquity of icons in computing and mobile devices, the role of color in icon‐based interface design has yet to be fully elucidated. This study began by conducting a card sorting experiment to determine the importance of color in the perception of commercial icons, as opposed to the simpler icons typically used in a laboratory setting. The study also sought to ascertain the importance of color when considered alongside other visual attributes in the general perception of icons. Participants were then asked to answer preset questions as a means of determining the relationship between the known color properties (e.g., hue, saturation, and brightness) of icons and their functional meaning, effectiveness in conveying meaning, and visual attractiveness. Finally, the speed and accuracy was assessed by which participants recognized well‐known icons rendered using familiar and unfamiliar colors. The empirical results identified color as an important attribute in the process of sorting icons, far exceeding other visual attributes including shape, complexity, pictorial style, and orientation. Nonetheless, it appears that color is not necessarily dominant in the initial stages of sorting. The results also revealed that color is closely related to visual attractiveness but largely irrelevant to effectiveness in the conveyance of meaning. The study also confirmed that correct color information is crucial to naming accuracy and the speed at which icons are recognized. Finally, the results indicate that icons lacking a unique symbol as a cue to recognition rely heavily on their signature color for identification. This study opens up several avenues of research by which to enhance our understanding of the functional role of color in icon perception.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple roles of color information in the perception of icon‐type images

Hsieh

2017

Color Research & Application

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“…To assess their text comprehension, participants had to respond to six questions (two surface, two paraphrases, and two inferences) probing three levels of representation (Van Dijk and Kintsch, 1983; Kintsch et al, 1990; McNamara et al, 1996; Penttinen et al, 2013; Megalakaki et al, 2016; Porion et al, 2016). The surface level is a literal representation and corresponded to the memorization of the words or sentences as they appeared in the text, but not their meaning.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Valence and Emotional Intensity on the Comprehension and Memorization of Texts

2019

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In the present study, we independently manipulated valence (positive, negative, or neutral) and emotional intensity (low, medium, or high), asking what impact they have on text comprehension (via surface, paraphrase, and inference questions) and memorization (via Remember/Know test) in adults. Results show that emotional contents, including valence and intensity affects comprehension. Emotional valence had a significant effect on text comprehension, with higher scores for positive and neutral texts than for negative ones. Participants scored higher on the surface questions for positive texts and on the inference questions for negative texts, with equivalent scores for paraphrase questions. Regarding emotional intensity, medium intensity generally fostered better comprehension of both positive and negative texts. High emotional intensity is beneficial for positively valenced texts, but hinders the understanding of negatively valenced ones. Regarding memorization, participants recalled more emotional words than neutral ones, and more words for positive texts than for either negative or neutral ones. In conclusion, our results show that emotions play an important role and improve the processing of information.

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“…Beier's definition of visibility resembles the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) definition for graphic symbols. ISO (9241-3, 1992) defines visibility as "the visual properties of a character or a symbol that determine the facility with which it can be recognized" (as quoted by Megalakaki et al 2016Megalakaki et al , 1632. Furthermore, the ISO method for testing perceptual quality (ISO 9186-2:2008(E)) emphasizes that before the meaning of a symbol can be understood its elements must be identifiable.…”

Section: Source: Uspc and Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The visual properties that influence pictogram legibility are for example color, size, contrast, stroke, shape and style. Legibility furthermore depends on the context in which it is shown (medium, distance, luminance, reflection) and the person who sees it (eye maturity and vision) (Kovačević, Brozović, and Bota 2014, Wogalter, Conzola, and Smith-Jackson 2002, Megalakaki et al 2016.…”

Section: Source: Uspc and Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

Legibility of Pharmaceutical Pictograms

Pedersen¹

2021

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The design of medicinal information in leaflets and labels is often criticized for not meeting patients' needs. For that reason, there is an increasing focus on how the use of pictures, such as pictograms, may benefit patients on their medical journey. However, before a pictogram can be comprehended it must be legible, which may be a challenge when pharmaceutical information has to be conveyed. Within a limited space many visual details need to be included in order to clarify the intended meaning. While we have abundant information about the comprehension of pictograms, we know very little about the legibility - the ability to visually identify objects - of pictograms. By looking at legibility research into pharmaceutical pictograms from a design perspective, this paper demonstrates that legibility is not prioritized either in theory or in practice. In order to proceed with the use and implementation of pictograms in, for example, patient information leaflets and labels, we need to know more about the features that constitute legibility. To create a research foundation, this paper draws on knowledge of visibility and legibility from related domains. This forms the basis of a discussion of the need for future research to focus on legibility issues, amongst others by incorporating design knowledge into experiments.

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Assessing visibility, legibility and comprehension for interactive whiteboards (IWBs) vs. computers

Cited by 7 publications

References 65 publications

Multiple roles of color information in the perception of icon‐type images

Multiple roles of color information in the perception of icon‐type images

Effects of Valence and Emotional Intensity on the Comprehension and Memorization of Texts

Legibility of Pharmaceutical Pictograms

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