Assessing visual function in children with complex disabilities: the Bradford visual function box

Pilling, Rachel; Outhwaite, Louise; Bruce, Alison

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307558

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is considerably lower than headline rates of cooperation reported by other studies [2,4,5]. Pilling [4] reported a rate of 97% cooperation with functional vision assessment which included the use of the Bradford box, a novel visual function instrument [18]. The rate of cooperation with standard tests (Crowded Keeler LogMAR, Crowded Kays pictures and Cardiff Acuity Test) was 62%, a similar proportion to that found in our evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Visual acuity was measured using available age and ability-appropriate tests. Tests available included Keeler Preferential Looking Cards [16] Cardiff Acuity Test[17], Bradford Visual Function Box[18] (in year 4 of operating our service), LogMAR linear and single crowded versions of Kay Pictures[19] and Keeler LogMAR Crowded letter test (formerly Glasgow Acuity Cards) [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Findings from an opt-in eye examination service in English special schools. Is vision screening effective for this population?

et al. 2019

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Our objective was to present the findings of an opt-in, school-based eye care service for children attending 11 special schools in England and use these findings to determine whether a vision screening programme would be appropriate for this population. Data from eye examinations provided to 949 pupils (mean age 10.7 years) was analysed to determine the prevalence and aetiology of visual deficiencies and reported eye care history. For 46.2% (n = 438) of pupils, a visual deficiency was recorded. 12.5% of all the children seen (n = 119) had a visual deficiency that was previously undiagnosed. Referral for a medical opinion was made for 3.1% (n = 29) of pupils seen by the service. Spectacle correction was needed for 31.5% (n = 299) of pupils; for 12.9% (122) these were prescribed for the first time. 3.7% (n = 11) of parents/carers of pupils needing spectacles chose not to use the spectacle dispensing service offered in school. Eye care history was available for 847 pupils (89.3%). Of the pupils for whom an eye care history was available, 44% (n = 373) reported no history of any previous eye care and10.7% (n = 91) reported a history of attending a community optical practice/opticians. Only one pupil from the school entry 4–5 age group (0.6% of age group n = 156) would have passed vision screening using current Public Health England screening guidelines. Children with a diagnosis of autism were significantly less likely to be able to provide a reliable measurement of visual acuity. This study supports previously published evidence of a very high prevalence of visual problems in children with the most complex needs and a significant unmet need in this group. It demonstrates routine school entry vision screening using current Public Health England guidelines is not appropriate for this group of children and very low uptake of community primary eye care services.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Findings from an opt-in eye examination service in English special schools. Is vision screening effective for this population?

et al. 2019

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“…The present study found that over a third of children were unable to cooperate or show interest in traditional visual assessment tools but visual function was demonstrated using the BVFB. This tool has been demonstrated by the authors to be a reliable method of assessing vision in children with special needs who lack concentration, cooperation or interest in traditional visual assessment tools 6. While it is not possible to extrapolate object size to Snellen-type acuity, this method of visual assessment has proved useful by nature of the feedback that can be provided to parents and carers in terms of the size of object the child is able to see and at what distance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are all children with visual impairment known to the eye clinic?

Pilling

Outhwaite

2016

Br J Ophthalmol

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“…For children with extremely low levels of vision, qualitative information can be gained from very simple measures of ‘detection vision’ 11 12. Qualitative comments on the child's overall visual performance and a note of any unusual behaviours should be made and explained where possible.…”

Section: Diagnosis and Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of children and young people with vision impairment: diagnosis, developmental challenges and outcomes

2016

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Vision impairment (VI) has a significant impact on an individual's ability to engage with everyday tasks. Severe early-onset VI presents different challenges to adult onset visual loss since reduced visual input presents a major obstacle to the acquisition and development of fundamental developmental skills in early and later childhood. Early referral of the child with reduced vision is vital to ensure accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment of any modifiable aspects of the condition. Guidance to ensure optimisation of developmental opportunity through adaptation of play and care is vital from the earliest stages. Cognitive and social challenges occur throughout education and need to be understood and addressed through skilled support. Multiagency input, particularly from health and education, is vital to minimise the risk of adverse outcomes and promote successful transition to independent adulthood. VI may also arise in a variety of neurological disorders, and diagnosis and assessment to ensure appropriate adaptations are made is also crucial for this group of children. This review provides the paediatrician with information on diagnosis, assessment, long-term support needs and outcomes.

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Assessing visual function in children with complex disabilities: the Bradford visual function box

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Findings from an opt-in eye examination service in English special schools. Is vision screening effective for this population?

Findings from an opt-in eye examination service in English special schools. Is vision screening effective for this population?

Are all children with visual impairment known to the eye clinic?

Management of children and young people with vision impairment: diagnosis, developmental challenges and outcomes

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