Assessment and Categorization of Biological Effects and Atypical Symptoms Owing to Exposure to RF Fields from Wireless Energy Devices

Razek, A.

doi:10.3390/app13031265

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…These few points of non-convergence are due to the significant difference in the sampling steps of the field to be calculated compared to the generated field. Park, 2023;Razek, 2023) but the calculated SAR (Figure 8) does not exceed one nanowatt per kilogram(1nW/Kg) well below the threshold. As this limit (ICNIRP) is based on an exposure of approximately 6 minutes, we can conclude that PLC radiation is not harmful for a short-term exposure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Impact of Power-Line Communication Radiation on Human Health

Abba Kaga Lagare,

Daouda,

Boukar

2023

worldte

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The advent of smart electrical grids (Smart-grids) has created the need for a reliable communication system within traditional electrical grids. Many technologies are available on the market for communication in smart-grids environment. Communication using PLC (Power-Line Communication or power-line carrier) technology is by far the best choice for operators of these smart-grids, because it uses the electrical cables already in place as a communication link. Unfortunately, since the electrical grid (frequency = 50/60 Hz) was not designed for the transport of high-frequency signals, in PLC mode (100 kHz - 30 MHz) the electrical cables behave like antennas and emit electromagnetic radiation in the nearby environment. This work is a contribution in the evaluation of electromagnetic radiation impact of PLC technology on human health. According to ICNIRP (International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection), this type of assessment in done base on SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) and ∆T (tissue temperature raising during exposure to radiation). PLC cables radiation SAR and ∆T are confront with ICNIRP-limits (Guidelines). In order to cover many exposure scenario, interaction between the radiation of an Outdoor-PLC cable and a human head have been analyze using analytical approach (Maxwell equations) and numerical approach (simulation with Feko software). These analyses have demonstrated that exposure to Outdoor-PLC cable electromagnetic radiation is not harmful to human being. For a long-term exposure of human head to PLC cable electromagnetic radiation, The SAR is less than 1nW/Kg and ∆T under 10-5 °C (Far from ICNIRP limits). Analyses have also produce a simplified expression of PLC cable electromagnetic radiation SAR base on Biot-&-Savart law.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Impact of Power-Line Communication Radiation on Human Health

Abba Kaga Lagare,

Daouda,

Boukar

2023

worldte

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“…This problematical question looks not slight particularly if the frequencies of the sources are dissimilar. Thus, the calculation by mathematical modeling (supposed most adequate) of such kind of problem presents multifaceted difficulties [12,13] .…”

Section: Intricate Effects Of Exposure To Multiple Sources Of Rf-emfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure

Razek

2023

TSE

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“…Moreover, such experimental control cannot be used in the design of inexistent installations. Under these conditions, an interesting solution could be a control by numerical modeling via EMC analysis to verify the MRI compatibility of the different tools [95][96][97][122][123][124].…”

Section: Compatibility Compliance Checkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image-Guided Surgical and Pharmacotherapeutic Routines as Part of Diligent Medical Treatment

Razek

2023

Applied Sciences

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This contribution is part of the objective of diligent universal care that ensures the well-being of a patient. It aims to analyze and propose enriched image-guided procedures for surgical interventions and restricted delivery of implanted drugs in minimally invasive and non-ionizing circumstances. This analysis is supported by a literature review conducted in two ways. The first aims to illustrate the importance of recent research and applications involved in different topics of the subject; this is mainly the case for the introduction’s literature. The second concerns the literature dedicated to having more detailed information in context; this mainly concerns the citations in the different sections of the article. The universal goals of medical treatments are intended to involve the well-being of the patient and allow medical personnel to test new therapies and carry out therapeutic training without risk to the patient. First, the various functionalities involved in these procedures and the concerns of the magnetic resonance imaging technique (MRI) and ultrasound imaging technique (USI), recent contributions to the subject are reviewed. Second, the intervention procedures guided by the image and the implemented actions are analyzed. Third, the components of the fields involved in MRI are examined. Fourth, the MRI control of the treatments, its performance and its compliance are analyzed. Compatibility with MRI via electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is conferred and demonstrated for an actuation example. Fifth, the extension of the concepts mentioned in the article, in the context of patient comfort and the training of medical staff is proposed. The main contribution of this article is the identification of the different strategic aids needed in healthcare related to image-assisted robotics, non-ionized, minimally invasive and locally restrictive means. Furthermore, it highlights the benefits of using phantoms based on real biological properties of the body, digital twins under human control, artificial intelligence tools and augmented reality-assisted robotics.

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Assessment and Categorization of Biological Effects and Atypical Symptoms Owing to Exposure to RF Fields from Wireless Energy Devices

Cited by 6 publications

References 125 publications

Impact of Power-Line Communication Radiation on Human Health

Impact of Power-Line Communication Radiation on Human Health

Potential health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure

Image-Guided Surgical and Pharmacotherapeutic Routines as Part of Diligent Medical Treatment

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