Assessment and characterization of groundwater quality under domestic distribution using hydrochemical and multivariate statistical methods in Bafia, Cameroon

Assessment of drinking water contamination in food stalls of Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh

“…Sodium concentrations in supplied water samples of restaurants in Sylhet city were low (Alam et al 2006). This finding is in line with low concentrations of Na (0.07 to 2.84 mg L −1 ) in groundwater (Nyam et al 2020). On the contrary, the shallow tube well water of coastal District Barguna contains fairly high concentration (863.0 mg L −1 ) of Na (Islam et al 2017a).…”

“…Concentrations of PO 4 3− in the groundwater of Gopalganj District varied from 0.16 to 2.82 mg L −1 in pre-monsoon and from 0.20 to 5.74 mg L −1 in post-monsoon (Rahman et al 2017). A low concentration of PO 4 3− (0.02 to 1.78 mg L −1 ) in groundwater was also reported (Nyam et al 2020). In dry season (December), the PO 4 3− concentration varied from 0.006 to 3.69 mg L −1 with the mean value of 0.61 mg L −1 in Koyra Upazila, Khulna, Bangladesh (Das et al 2021b).…”

“…The supplied water used for drinking purpose in the restaurants of Sylhet contained low concentration of K (Alam et al 2006). An extremely low concentration of K (0.021 to 0.83 mg L −1 ) in groundwater was also found (Nyam et al 2020). It is also reported that shallow tube well water in the groundwater of South Central Coastal region of Bangladesh represented the higher concentration of K (Islam et al 2017a;Hasan et al 2019).…”

“…Nitrate concentrations varied from 0.37 to 31.1 mg L −1 in pre-monsoon of the groundwater of Gopalganj District, and the values were 0.08 to 32.5 mg L −1 in post-monsoon for the same (Rahman et al 2017). A wide range of NO 3 − concentrations (0.0 to 4.0 mg L −1 ) were found in the underground water (Nyam et al 2020). The NO 3 − concentration in the groundwater of JUST campus varied from 2.0 to 4.0 mg L −1 and the values were from 2.0 to 9.0 mg L −1 in the surrounding areas of the campus (Shaibur et al 2019a).…”

“…The higher EC of the samples may reflect the higher mineralization in the study area. Reports show that EC varied from 55.0 to 353.0 µS cm −1 with an average of 120.64 µS cm −1 in the groundwater of Dhaka city (Badrud-Doza et al 2020) and varied from 13.3 to 505.0 µS cm −1 in the underground water of Bafia (Cameroon; Nyam et al 2020). The mean EC of tube well water samples in Khulna city was reported to be 1,650.0 µS cm −1 (pre-monsoon; Mahmud et al 2020).…”