Assessment and control of losses caused by insect pests in small farmers' stores in Zimbabwe

Giga, D. P.; Mutemerewa, S.; Moyo, G.; Neeley, D.

doi:10.1016/0261-2194(91)90007-e

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…is one of the most destructive storage insect pests of maize in tropical and subtropical ecosystems worldwide. Weevil infestation is encountered on-farm storage where it causes high loss in grain weight in addition to deterioration in quality (Giga et al 1991). Furthermore, weevil infested maize has been associated with frequent attack by ear rot pathogens and subsequently mycotoxins (Sone 2001;Kaaya et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of maize population “Longe5” to two cycles of modified S1 recurrent selection for resistance to maize weevil

2015

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The maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Mostch.) is one of the most damaging storage pests causing significant reductions in grain weight and quality in tropical and subtropical regions. The current study determined the effectiveness of two cycles of modified S 1 recurrent selection towards the improvement of weevil resistance in the maize variety ''Longe5''. Grain yield and resistance to Turcicum leaf blight, grey leaf spot and rust diseases, which occurred naturally at the time of experimentation, were also evaluated to enhance the overall worth of the maize variety. Selections were made by identifying and self-pollinating the foliar disease resistant and vigorous plants, with potentially big well-placed ears from the base population of the Longe5 (the original cycle i.e., C 0 ), grown at the National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, in Uganda. Over 540 selfed ears were obtained from the C 0 and were screened for maize weevil resistance under controlled conditions in the laboratory, after which 162 weevil resistant genotypes were selected and recombined in an isolated field to generate the C 1 . The second cycle (C 2 ) was generated from the C 1 in a similar procedure, by recombining 190 weevil resistant genotypes. The C 0 , C 1 , and C 2 were evaluated for grain yield and reaction to foliar diseases at three locations, and the ensuing seed was screened for maize weevil resistance in the laboratory. Significant gains were obtained for maize weevil resistance. There was a reduction in grain weight loss due to maize weevil damage of 65 % in C 2 and 15 % in C 1 . There was a 33 % reduction in the number of weevil progenies emerging in C 2 and 19 % in C 1 grain. Similar positive trends were realized for grain yield and resistance to foliar diseases in C 1 and C 2 compared to C 0 . The results indicate that the modified S 1 recurrent selection was effective in improving Longe5 for maize weevil resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of maize population “Longe5” to two cycles of modified S1 recurrent selection for resistance to maize weevil

2015

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“…In southern Africa, losses have been estimated between 20 and 90 % for treated and untreated grain, respectively (Giga et al 1991), while in Kenya up to 30 % losses have been reported during storage and handling (Wongo 1996). Golob (1984) has reported more than 20 % weight loss due to weevil attack on untreated hybrid grains stored in traditional structures in Malawi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of open pollinated varieties of maize for resistance to the maize weevil in a controlled temperature and humidity laboratory in Zimbabwe

Masasa

Setimela²,

Chiteka

2013

Euphytica

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Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) is one of the major maize storage pests among smallholder farmers in eastern and southern Africa (ESA), thereby, reducing total on-farm maize harvests. Experiments were conducted in a controlled temperature and humidity (CTH) laboratory at CIMMYT-Zimbabwe to compare the resistance of new maize open pollinated varieties (OPVs) from regional trials undertaken in ESA to maize weevils. Twenty maize OPVs were shelled and cleaned before being placed in a deep freezer at -20°C to kill any pests and eggs in the grain from the field. Fifty grams of grain from each OPV was measured after 3 weeks and placed in the CTH lab for conditioning. The samples were placed in 250-mL jars with brass-screened lids and then infested with 32 maize weevils aged between 10 and 14 days. Data were collected for kernel hardness prior to weevil infestation, as kernel hardness to confer resistance to weevils. The components of maize weevil resistance considered were: median development period, Dobie index of susceptibility, weevil emergence, weevil mortality, weevil fecundity, grain weight loss, kernel damage and germination. There were highly significant differences in maize kernel characteristics and median development period (P \ 0.001) among the maize OPVs. There were significant differences in the number of damaged kernels, grain weight loss (P \ 0.01), weevil mortality and germination (P \ 0.05) among the maize OPVs. There were no significant differences found for weevil progeny emergence (F 1 ), Dobie index of susceptibility and weevil fecundity, the last of which was positively and significantly correlated with kernel damage (P \0.001). The DIS was positively and significantly correlated with weight loss and F 1 (P \ 0.001). The maize OPVs 07WEEVIL, Chitedze6, Strigoff126, Strigoff128 and ZM625 were found to be resistant; on the other hand, Strigoff140, Strigoff125, Strigoff133, VP05199 and VP074 varieties were highly susceptible.Keywords Controlled temperature and humidity laboratory Á Kernel hardness Á Open pollinated varieties Á Sitophilus zeamais Á Zea mays (L.) Abbreviations CTH Controlled temperature and humidity DISDobie index of susceptibility OPV Open pollinated varieties ESA Eastern and southern Africa

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“…The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most destructive stored product pests of grains, cereals, and other processed and unprocessed stored products in sub-Saharan Africa [1][2][3][4]. S. zeamais causes qualitative and quantitative damage to stored products, with grain weight loss ranging between 20 to 90% for untreated stored maize [5][6][7], and the severity of damage depends on factors which include storage structures and physical and chemical properties of the produce. Heavy infestation of adults and larvae of maize weevil which cause postharvest losses have become increasingly important constraints to storage entomology [8] and food security in the tropics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Life History ofSitophilus zeamais(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Cereal Crops

Ojo¹,

Omoloye²

2016

Advances in Agriculture

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The maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most destructive pests of stored cereals. Knowledge of the life history and biology is important to the development of an integrated pest management program. Investigation was carried out on developmental biology ofS. zeamaison four main cereal crops, maize, rice, sorghum, and millet, under laboratory conditions. Egg incubation, oviposition periods, and larval instar development were not different significantly among the food hosts. Number of eggs laid varied significantly among the cereal grains; mean fecundity was highest on maize (67.2±3.16) and lowest on millet (53.8±0.17). Number of immature (larva and pupa) and adult stages varied significantly among the cereal grains. There exist four larval instars with a varied mean head capsule width, with a mean total instar larval developmental period of 23.1, 22.2, 22.2, and 21.6 d on maize, rice, sorghum, and millet, respectively. There was linear relationship and significant correlation between the stages of larval development and head capsule width. The mean developmental period from egg to adult varied, being highest on maize (34.7 d) and lowest on sorghum (33.5 d).

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Assessment and control of losses caused by insect pests in small farmers' stores in Zimbabwe

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

Response of maize population “Longe5” to two cycles of modified S1 recurrent selection for resistance to maize weevil

Response of maize population “Longe5” to two cycles of modified S1 recurrent selection for resistance to maize weevil

Evaluation of open pollinated varieties of maize for resistance to the maize weevil in a controlled temperature and humidity laboratory in Zimbabwe

Development and Life History ofSitophilus zeamais(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Cereal Crops

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