Assessment and management of bleeding complications in the medically ill

Abstract

Haemorrhage can be a distressing symptom encountered as a presenting feature of illness, or in extreme cases as a terminal event. Bleeding can occur locally at the site of disease, as a complication of its treatment, or as part of a systemic bleeding disorder. Initial management includes control of blood loss, fluid resuscitation, and identification and reversal of potential causes. Careful consideration and discussion with the patient is needed to clarify preferences for life-prolonging treatment versus symptom control alone, and preferred place of care. Acute care settings can provide additional therapeutic options such as surgery, interventional radiology, and radiotherapy for cancers. Site-specific measures are included in this chapter along with general interventions for control of bleeding.

Frequency and Management of Hemorrhagic Malignant Wounds: A Retrospective, Single-Center, Observational Study

“…Used in trauma emergencies by firefighters and the militaries Hemostatic solutions Epinephrine 2, 14,23,24,26,[28][29][30]…”

“…Only on small to moderate bleeding in a small area. 2,14,23,24,26,[28][29][30] Ulcar® Ulcer protection Used in gastric ulcers, prevention of digestive bleeding Tranexamic acid 24,26,28 Exacyl® Anti fibrinolytic For local application or systemic treatment.…”

Hemostatic Effect of Palliative Radiation Therapy in Preventing Blood Transfusions from Bleeding Occurring within Advanced Gastric Cancer

“…There are several treatment options for hemostasis, including surgical resection, endoscopic intervention, intravascular embolization, and radiation therapy (RT). 2 , 3 RT is considered effective for achieving hemostasis following bleeding from AGC as it reduces the tumor burden while relieving symptoms.…”