Assessment and mitigation of radiation, EMP, debris &amp; shrapnel impacts at megajoule-class laser facilities

Eder, David C.; Anderson, Robert; Bailey, D.; Bell, P.; Bertozzi, Andrea L.; Bittle, W.; Bradley, D. K.; Brown, Charles G.; Clancy, T. J.; Chen, H; Chevalier, J.‐M.; Combis, P.; Dauffy, L; Debonnel, C.S.; Eckart, M. J.; Fisher, Aaron; Geille, A.; Glebov, V. Yu.; Holder, J. P.; Jadaud, J. P.; Jones, O.; Kaiser, T. B.; Kalantar, D.; Khater, H. Y.; Kimbrough, J. R.; Koniges, Alice; Landen, O. L.; MacGowan, B. J.; Masters, N.; MacPhee, A.; Maddox, Brian; Meyers, Marc A.; Osher, Sanford; Prasad, R.R.; Raffestin, D.; Raimbourg, J.; Rekow, V.; Sangster, Craig; Song, Peng; Stoeckl, C.; Stowell, Mark; Teran, Joseph; Throop, A.L.; Tommasini, R.; Vierne, J.; White, Dan; Whitman, Pamela K.

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032018

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The interaction of a petawatt-class laser pulses with solid targets produces intense electromagnetic fields (EMP) [5][6][7][8], which may exceed 1 MV/m, leading to equipment failures, diagnostics damage, and spurious signals in detectors. As part of the PETAL project, we have studied the EMP generation mechanisms in order to predict their impact on the diagnostics and security equipment at the LMJ-PETAL facility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of strong electromagnetic pulses on the LMJ-PETAL facility

Bardon

Etchessahar

Lubrano

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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Electromagnetic pulses (EMP) present a serious threat for operation of high-power, high-energy laser facilities. Here, we present an efficient strategy for EMP mitigation with a resistive and inductive holder, which is supported by extended numerical simulations and validated in dedicated experiments at the kilojoule/picosecond (kJ/ps) Petawatt Aquitaine Laser (PETAL) facility. Moreover, we demonstrate how a combination of PETAL with the tens of kJ/ns Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) beams may suppress the EMP emission. This method opens another efficient way for the EMP control on high-power, high-energy laser facilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of strong electromagnetic pulses on the LMJ-PETAL facility

Bardon

Etchessahar

Lubrano

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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“…High energy deposition in small areas can cause (parts of) the sample to explode, expelling high velocity pieces of shrapnel that can impact the detector [28]. This is especially true in HED type experiments, where the detectors can be within centimeters to the sample.…”

Section: B Shrapnelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High power optical lasers are often used (e.g., 1 J/40 fs = 25 TW in high energy density (HED) experiments, interacting centimeters away from the detectors). This increases the risk of damage or impedes data acquisition through electromagnetic pulses (EMP) [28]. Initial tests with CSPAD 140 kpixel cameras resulted in damaged electronics and pulses traveling along cables and causing malfunction of the downstream DAQ servers.…”

Section: B Electromagnetic Pulsementioning

confidence: 99%

Detector Damage at X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Sources

Blaj

Carini

Carron

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Abstract-Free-electron lasers (FELs) opened a new window on imaging the motion of atoms and molecules. At SLAC, FEL experiments are performed at LCLS using 120 Hz pulses with 10 12 to 10 13 photons in 10 fs (billions of times brighter than at the most powerful synchrotrons). Concurrently, users and staff operate under high pressure due to flexible and often rapidly changing setups and low tolerance for system malfunction. This extreme detection environment raises unique challenges, from obvious to surprising, and leads to treating detectors as consumables. We discuss in detail the detector damage mechanisms observed in 7 years of operation at LCLS, together with the corresponding damage mitigation strategies and their effectiveness. Main types of damage mechanisms already identified include: (1) x-ray radiation damage (from "catastrophic" to "classical"), (2) direct and indirect damage caused by optical lasers, (3) sample induced damage, (4) vacuum related damage, (5) high-pressure environment. In total, 19 damage mechanisms have been identified. We also present general strategies for reducing damage risk or minimizing the impact of detector damage on the science program. These include availability of replacement parts and skilled operators and also careful planning, incident investigation resulting in updated designs, procedures and operator training.

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“…Many groups are currently investigating the effect of intense laser-matter interaction to the surrounding environment, which comprises the vacuum chamber and auxiliaries (e.g., electronic devices, imaging detectors, etc.). Several studies have focused on the design and realization of new materials that can act as more resistant plasma-facing materials [10][11][12][13][14][15], on measurements and diagnostics/sensors able to withstand the presence of ionizing and electromagnetic radiation (Electro Magnetic Pulses (EMP)) produced and dispersed during the experiment [16,17], or on how to mitigate its impact, [18][19][20]. Luminescence properties of point defects in insulating and nanomaterials have already been successfully used as detectors for measuring radiation [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of laser-plasma experiment radiation using nanoparticle coatings as fluorescent sensors

Barberio

Salvadori²,

Vallières³

et al. 2022

J. Inst.

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In this paper, we test the possibility to use luminescence of metal (aluminum and silver) nanoparticles (NPs), synthesized using different laser-driven ablation methods, as sensors for radiation detection. Energetic photon and electron radiation produced by intense plasma induces a red-shift in the luminescence emitted by the NPs. Observing the phenomenon over long time periods (hours), we see an oscillating behavior of the luminescence signal, which can be explained in terms of de-trapping of electrons caused by energetic radiations and re-trapping in the empty levels of low energetic electrons emitted from the plasma. Observing the luminescence shift allows detecting electromagnetic and radiation pollution, e.g. when dispersed in an experimental chamber.

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Assessment and mitigation of radiation, EMP, debris & shrapnel impacts at megajoule-class laser facilities

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Mitigation of strong electromagnetic pulses on the LMJ-PETAL facility

Mitigation of strong electromagnetic pulses on the LMJ-PETAL facility

Detector Damage at X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Sources

Detection of laser-plasma experiment radiation using nanoparticle coatings as fluorescent sensors

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