Assessment and Mitigation Strategies to Counteract Overheating in Urban Historical Areas in Rome

Laureti, Flavia; Martinelli, Letizia; Battisti, Alessandra

doi:10.3390/cli6010018

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In fact, Erell et al [24] underlined that use of cool colored materials may increase albedo substantially without altering visual appearance; however, because the human body is non-selective in its absorption of solar energy, the effect of albedo modification on thermal sensation could be negative. On the other hand, a combination of cool materials and trees showed positive effects both on outdoor temperatures and on thermal comfort as well, as demonstrated in a study by Shahidan et al [27] and Laureti et al [28]. Therefore, the use of cool coatings for the ground level (i.e., cool pavements) display different mitigation performances and require attention on the material characteristics of the surrounding area and on the morphology of the site.…”

Section: Overview On the Mitigation Potential Of Cooling Materials Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the present study, the cool materials investigated were selected from two studies carried out by Santamouris et al and Gobakis et al [18,64] and simulated recently in another urban open space of the historical tissue in the city of Rome [28]. Table 4 summarizes the materials database used in the initial scenario, S0; in the first renovation scenario S1 (green pavements + cool roof), and in the second renovation scenario S2 (cool pavements + green roofs), whereas Table 5 summarizes the albedo and leaf area density (LAD) coefficients of the tree species present in the University Campus and modelled in ENVI-met.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Roofs and Pavements: A Case Study at Sapienza University Campus

et al. 2018

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The progressively emerging concept of urban resilience to climate change highlights the importance of mitigation and adaptation measures, and the need to integrate urban climatology in the design process, in order to better understand the multiple effects of combined green and cool technologies for the transition to climate responsive and thermally comfortable urban open spaces. This study focuses the attention on selected mitigation and adaptation technologies; two renovation scenarios were designed and modeled according to the minimal intervention criterion. The study pays attention to the effect on surface temperature and physiological equivalent temperature (PET) of vegetation and high albedo materials characterizing the horizontal boundaries of the site. The Sapienza University campus, a historical site in Rome, is taken as a case study. These results highlight the importance of treed open spaces and the combination of permeable green pavements associated with cool roofs as the most effective strategy for the mitigation of summer heatwaves and the improvement of outdoor thermal comfort.

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Section: Overview On the Mitigation Potential Of Cooling Materials Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Roofs and Pavements: A Case Study at Sapienza University Campus

et al. 2018

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Section: Comparing the Cognitive Maps Significance At Different Distamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned, Madrid has a Mediterranean climate that is characterized by hot summers. Studies in the Mediterranean climate have shown how urban green spaces can reduce the impact of urban heat [93,94]. A study carried out in Greece, Athens [95], found that the urban park on the western margin of Athens during the hot summer days could reduce daytime air temperature between 0.2 • C and 2.6 • C. In a similar study conducted in Lisbon, another Mediterranean city during the six days of summer 2007 and 2008 [96], the results showed that a 0.24 ha urban park was able to reduce the air temperature inside the park to 6.9 • C compared to its surrounding air temperatures.…”

Section: Comparing the Cognitive Maps Significance At Different Distamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cooling Effect of Large-Scale Urban Parks on Surrounding Area Thermal Comfort

et al. 2019

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This empirical study investigates large urban park cooling effects on the thermal comfort of occupants in the vicinity of the main central park, located in Madrid, Spain. Data were gathered during hot summer days, using mobile observations and a questionnaire. The results showed that the cooling effect of this urban park of 125 ha area at a distance of 150 m could reduce air temperatures by an average of 0.63 °C and 1.28 °C for distances of 380 m and 665 meters from the park. Moreover, the degree of the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) index at a distance of 150 meters from the park is on average 2 °C PET and 2.3 °C PET less compared to distances of 380 m and 665 m, respectively. Considering the distance from the park, the correlation between occupant perceived thermal comfort (PTC) and PET is inverse. That is, augmenting the distance from the park increases PET, while the extent of PTC reduces accordingly. The correlation between these two factors at the nearest and furthest distances from the park is meaningful (p-value < 0.05). The results also showed that large-scale urban parks generally play a significant part in creating a cognitive state of high-perceived thermal comfort spaces for residents.

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“…Geometric and surface characteristics regulate the partitioning of the surface energy balance (SEB) [2] and at any given location surface temperature-and near-surface air temperature under calm conditions [7,8]-is controlled by the surface's SEB [9]. impact on human outdoor thermal comfort is highly context-dependent [37,53,60] and few studies have been experimentally determined [52,54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Building Facades on Outdoor Microclimate—Reflectance Recovery from Terrestrial Multispectral Images Using a Robust Empirical Line Method

Fox

Osmond

Peters

2018

Climate

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Climate change and the urban heat island effect pose significant health, energy and economic risks. Urban heat mitigation research promotes the use of reflective surfaces to counteract the negative effects of extreme heat. Surface reflectance is a key parameter for understanding, modeling and modifying the urban surface energy balance to cool cities and improve outdoor thermal comfort. The majority of urban surface studies address the impacts of horizontal surface properties at the material and precinct scales. However, there is a gap in research focusing on individual building facades. This paper analyses the results of a novel application of the empirical line method to calibrate a terrestrial low-cost multispectral sensor to recover spectral reflectance from urban vertical surfaces. The high correlation between measured and predicted mean reflectance values per waveband (0.940 (Red) < r s > 0.967 (NIR)) confirmed a near-perfect positive agreement between pairs of samples of ranked scores. The measured and predicted distributions exhibited no statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level. Accuracy measures indicate absolute errors within previously reported limits and support the utility of a single-target spectral reflectance recovery method for urban heat mitigation studies focusing on individual building facades.Climate 2018, 6, 56 2 of 26 UHIs develop in most cities regardless of climate [10] and have been observed globally in over 400 urban areas [4]. The magnitude of the screen height air temperature difference between urban and non-urban locations, or between different Local Climate Zones [10], is quantified by the "UHI intensity" which is most pronounced during calm, clear summer nights [2]. The average maximum UHI intensity for 87 European cities has been reported to be almost 6.2 K within a range of 2.8 K to 12 K [11]. Similar magnitude UHI intensities were reported for 101 Asian and Australian cities [12].The superimposition of inadvertent urban heating (i.e., UHIs) and global warming, including more frequent, longer and intense heat waves [13][14][15] elevates the risk of heat-related mortality and illness in cities [16][17][18] and extreme urban heat has detrimental outdoor comfort, economic and building energy impacts [19][20][21]. The intentional modification of urban surface geometry, cover and fabric to reduce urban heat and decouple heat waves from amplified UHIs [22,23] is now a policy priority for many cities [24,25]. Urban Heat Mitigation-Current Status and Cooling MagnitudeIn summer, solar absorption by urban surfaces is the dominant cause of the UHI effect [5]. Recent efforts to mitigate the formation of urban heat at different spatial scales have focused on changes to urban surface geometry and fabric [26][27][28] with the primary aim of controlling the absorption of solar radiation and increasing moisture availability [22,29]. However, due to the significant urban surface and air temperature reduction potential of reflective technologies [19,30] heat mitigation solely...

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Assessment and Mitigation Strategies to Counteract Overheating in Urban Historical Areas in Rome

Cited by 21 publications

References 56 publications

Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Roofs and Pavements: A Case Study at Sapienza University Campus

Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Roofs and Pavements: A Case Study at Sapienza University Campus

The Cooling Effect of Large-Scale Urban Parks on Surrounding Area Thermal Comfort

The Effect of Building Facades on Outdoor Microclimate—Reflectance Recovery from Terrestrial Multispectral Images Using a Robust Empirical Line Method

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