Assessment and Study on the Impact on Environment by Multi-crystalline Silicon Preparation by Metallurgical Route

Ma, Lin; Yu, Zhiqiang; Ma, Wenhui; Qing, Shan; Wu, Jijun

doi:10.1007/s12633-018-9937-6

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…7 A recent life cycle analysis study estimates the comprehensive environmental impact of the metallurgical route to be < 50% of the modified Siemens process. 8 Solvent refining is a promising method where a solvent metal is alloyed with Si to enhance the affinity of liquid phase for impurities such as phosphorus. 9 It involves melting of Si-solvent alloy and recrystallization of silicon from the melt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Phosphorus from Si-Fe Alloy by CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O Slag Refining

Taposhe

Khajavi

2021

JOM

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A combination of slag and solvent refining methods was used to remove phosphorus from silicon. The CaO-Al 2 O 3-SiO 2-Na 2 O quaternary system was selected as the slag to eliminate phosphorus from Si-20 wt.% Fe alloy at 1300°C. The partition ratio of phosphorus (L P) at various slag compositions was obtained to investigate the effect of basicity (CaO/SiO 2), oxygen potential (SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3) and Na 2 O content of the slag. The maximum value for L P was 1.19 at CaO/SiO 2 of 1.36, SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 of 1.56 and the addition of 10 wt.% of Na 2 O. The critical partial pressure of oxygen for maximum phosphorus removal was estimated at 1.8 9 10 À22 atm. The normalized distribution and phosphate capacity were evaluated to clarify the effect of basicity. Corrected optical basicity and NBO/T were determined to consider the effect of the cations in the complex silicate structures and investigate the effect of the degree of depolymerization on the efficiency of phosphorus removal from silicon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Phosphorus from Si-Fe Alloy by CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O Slag Refining

Taposhe

Khajavi

2021

JOM

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“…This energy input literally represents a substantial “entropic penalty” that is necessary to realize purified, solar-grade Si. Refining of metallurgical Si generates approximately 14 kg of waste per kg of solar-grade crystalline Si . Alternatively, chemical purification (e.g., Siemens, Bayer, and fluidized bed reactor processes) ,, is possible if the solid metallurgical Si is first gasified into molecular silanes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The Environmental Cost of High-Temperature “Sand-to-Si” Processes . Through decades of technical advances, the state-of-the-art practices in the industrial manufacture of crystalline, solar-grade Si recycle input materials and minimize waste accumulation . Still, these engineering innovations do not change the underlying thermodynamics.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Importance of New “Sand-to-Silicon” Processes for the Rapid Future Increase of Photovoltaics

Maldonado

2020

ACS Energy Lett.

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“…The total production is about 1,808.6 Mt. The World Coal Association reports that about 0.6 tons of coke are needed to produce 1 t of steel [3].Another growing market for coke is that of multicrystalline silicon (multi-Si) production [4]. According to the USA Geological Service (USGS) total world production in 2018 of silicon metal was about 6.7 Mt [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Another growing market for coke is that of multicrystalline silicon (multi-Si) production [4]. According to the USA Geological Service (USGS) total world production in 2018 of silicon metal was about 6.7 Mt [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

LCA Analysis of Biocarbon Pellet Production to Substitute Coke

Riva¹,

Nielsen²,

Buø³

et al. 2019

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substitute or reduce coal use in power generation it has to be taken into account that coal and coal derivatives like coke have also an important role in the industrial sector as fuels and reagents. Coke is produced through thermal treatment of a blend of selected Bituminous coals (called Coking coal or Metallurgical coal). The process happens in high temperature ovens in the absence of oxygen. The coke industry is lead by China, India and Japan. We have to remember in fact that China has the world's largest steel output. As a result, China is both world's largest producer and consumer. Reuters estimates that Metallurgical coke consumption will continue to increase at an annual rate of 1.71% in the following 6 years [1].The main use of coke produced from coal is in the steel industry. The main production of crude steel in 2018 is reported in Table 1, as provided by the WorldSteel Association [2]. The total production is about 1,808.6 Mt. The World Coal Association reports that about 0.6 tons of coke are needed to produce 1 t of steel [3].Another growing market for coke is that of multicrystalline silicon (multi-Si) production [4]. According to the USA Geological Service (USGS) total world production in 2018 of silicon metal was about 6.7 Mt [5]. W ith 380,000 tons Norway is the 3rd largest producer. According to Xakalashe and Tangstad 2011 [6], crystalline silicon solar cells can be produced through

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Assessment and Study on the Impact on Environment by Multi-crystalline Silicon Preparation by Metallurgical Route

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Removal of Phosphorus from Si-Fe Alloy by CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O Slag Refining

Removal of Phosphorus from Si-Fe Alloy by CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O Slag Refining

The Importance of New “Sand-to-Silicon” Processes for the Rapid Future Increase of Photovoltaics

LCA Analysis of Biocarbon Pellet Production to Substitute Coke

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