2022
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.899099
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Assessment and Treatment for Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction by Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound

Abstract: With growing evidence in clinical practice, the understanding of coronary syndromes has gradually evolved out of focusing on the well-established link between stenosis of epicardial coronary artery and myocardial ischemia to the structural and functional abnormalities at the level of coronary microcirculation, known as coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). CMD encompasses several pathophysiological mechanisms of coronary microcirculation and is considered as an important cause of myocardial ischemia in pat… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…This approach allows for the direct evaluation of microvascular reactivity and provides valuable information about the functional state of the microvasculature. Similarly, Doppler ultrasound offers insights into blood flow velocities within the microcirculation, aiding in identifying abnormalities in blood flow regulation [ 79 ].…”
Section: Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This approach allows for the direct evaluation of microvascular reactivity and provides valuable information about the functional state of the microvasculature. Similarly, Doppler ultrasound offers insights into blood flow velocities within the microcirculation, aiding in identifying abnormalities in blood flow regulation [ 79 ].…”
Section: Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Timely intervention of diabetic cardiomyopathy is very challenging (1), therefore, the detection of alterations in myocardial and microvascular function in the process from prediabetes to the early stage of diabetes mellitus (earlyDM) plays a vital role in the prevention of serious complications (2). Although conventional ultrasound techniques, such as M-mode, two-dimensional echocardiography, coupled with color Doppler flow and tissue Doppler imaging, are routinely used for evaluating cardiac structure and function, two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) provides quantitative assessment of local and global left ventricular mechanical changes (3), and myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) serves as a tool to determine the total amount and speed of myocardial microvascular blood perfusion (4). However, data are lacking concerning the role of these techniques used alone or in combination for evaluating dynamic changes in myocardial function and microvascular perfusion, especially for patients with diabetes mellitus.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The tone of capillaries is regulated by metabolic substances produced by myocardial metabolism. Through these mechanisms, the microcirculation regulates myocardial perfusion, increasing coronary blood flow up to fivefold in response to both resting and various levels of myocardial metabolic demand 6,7 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Through these mechanisms, the microcirculation regulates myocardial perfusion, increasing coronary blood flow up to fivefold in response to both resting and various levels of myocardial metabolic demand. 6,7 CMD and coronary atherosclerosis risk factors are similar, including hyperglycemia, lipid metabolism disorders, ischemia-reperfusion injury, aging, and hypertension, while functional or structural damage of vascular endothelial cells (EC) is the main pathological feature.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%