Assessment and Treatment of Anxiety Among Children and Adolescents

Freidl, Eve Khlyavich; Stroeh, Oliver M.; Elkins, R. Meredith; Steinberg, Emily J.; Albano, Anne Marie; Rynn, Moira A.

doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20160047

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…CBT is a combination of therapeutic approaches that teach the patient to identify feelings of anxiety and confront irrational thoughts during anxiety-provoking situations. Treatment with CBT focuses on cultivating mechanisms of modifying these thoughts and beliefs so as to alter maladaptive behaviors in response to distressing conditions [5,7,8]. Traditionally, CBT programs adopt a generic treatment approach that uses the same set of techniques to treat separation, generalized, and social anxiety disorders in children and adolescents [5,7,9,10].…”

Section: Nonpharmacologicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment with CBT focuses on cultivating mechanisms of modifying these thoughts and beliefs so as to alter maladaptive behaviors in response to distressing conditions [5,7,8]. Traditionally, CBT programs adopt a generic treatment approach that uses the same set of techniques to treat separation, generalized, and social anxiety disorders in children and adolescents [5,7,9,10]. However, this non-specific CBT approach is found to be less effective for young patients with social anxiety compared to other anxiety disorders [9][10][11].…”

Section: Nonpharmacologicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Management of Anxiety and Depression in Pediatrics

Pettitt¹,

Brown²,

Delashmitt³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Anxiety and depression are among the most common psychiatric conditions affecting children and adolescents, and physicians in primary care settings often represent the first point of contact for these patients. Therefore, it is critical to provide these clinicians with an overview of current, evidence-based approaches for treating these conditions in pediatric and adolescent patients. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an appropriate and effective first-line intervention for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. For depressive disorders, treatment guidelines recommend either CBT or interpersonal therapy (IPT) as frontline treatment approaches. Pharmacologically, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) represent the most efficacious treatment for anxiety and depressive disorders in young persons. Combination therapies consisting of a psychotherapy plus an SSRI have produced greater therapeutic effects than either treatment alone. In particular, CBT plus sertraline is most effective in those with anxiety, whereas combining CBT or IPT with fluoxetine has been identified as the most effective treatment for depression in this population. Clinically, these combination therapies are especially useful in patients showing an insufficient response to treatment with only an SSRI or psychotherapy. A physician should also recommend lifestyle alterations to aid in the management of anxiety and depression, including diet, exercise, adequate sleep, limiting screen time, and spending time in nature. When used to complement standard treatment approaches, these interventions may provide the patient with additional symptom reduction while decreasing the return of symptoms in the long term.

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Section: Nonpharmacologicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nonpharmacologicmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Management of Anxiety and Depression in Pediatrics

Pettitt¹,

Brown²,

Delashmitt³

et al. 2022

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There are different types of anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, separation anxiety, panic disorder and others. Anxiety is correlated with risk factors for cardiovascular conditions (Freidl et al, 2017;Kandola et al, 2018). Anxiety disorders can have different causes but are often a consequence of temperament, early experiences and specific life events (Barlow, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among female football players and non-players

Puš

Kajtna

2022

Ann. Kin.

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Purpose: Depression and anxiety are mental illnesses which affect many people worldwide. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among Slovenian female football players and non-players. Methods: The sample consisted of Slovenian female football players playing in the Slovenian 1st female football league or youth league (n = 78) and non-player peers (n = 120) with an average age of the total sample 22±4 years. The participants filled out a questionnaire including some general questions (age, physical activity levels, participation in competitive sports), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: The most commonly observed were normal and mild levels of depression and anxiety. According to the results of depression in BDI-II, 43.6% of athletes experienced moderate to severe depression compared to 15.8% of peers (p = 0.001). Results from DASS-21 show that 71.8% of athletes experience normal to mild symptoms of depression and 56.4% experience the same levels of anxiety. Similarly, 75% of peers experience normal to mild depressive symptoms and 56.7% reported normal to mild symptoms of anxiety. No statistical differences were found in these categories. Conclusion: We have gained insight into the current prevalence of depression and anxiety among female football players and their peers but more research needs to be done.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 It is estimated that 15% to 30% of youths are diagnosed with an anxiety disorder prior to adulthood, with social anxiety disorder accounting for a lifetime prevalence of 9.1% between the ages of 13 and 18 years. 9 While some cases of social anxiety disorder may remit, if left untreated the patient may develop other anxiety disorders, depression, substance abuse problems, and suicide attempts. 10 Actually, the current evidence of the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in the prevalence of mental health disorders among the general public and adolescents is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Social Anxiety Among Adolescents During COVID-19 Lockdown

Itani¹,

Eltannir

Tinawi

et al. 2021

Journal of Patient Experience

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To study the prevalence of severe social anxiety (SSA) among a group of adolescents during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A total of 178 adolescents attending the private clinics of the authors were screened online for the presence of SSA, by using the self-reporting format of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for children and adolescents (LSAS-CA). SSA defined as LSAS-CA scores of 80 or more was checked for statistical association with the adolescents’ sociodemographic data and knowledge about the COVID-19 infection. The 18% of our participants had SSA, no correlation was found between having SSA and ä acknowledging or fearing the COVID-19 morbidity. Factors associated with SSA included texting, using social media, and playing video games during the lockdown. Mitigating factors include high family socioeconomic status, history of socialization with friends, and the use of WhatsApp as a source of information about COVID-19 infection.

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Assessment and Treatment of Anxiety Among Children and Adolescents

Cited by 22 publications

References 117 publications

The Management of Anxiety and Depression in Pediatrics

The Management of Anxiety and Depression in Pediatrics

Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among female football players and non-players

Severe Social Anxiety Among Adolescents During COVID-19 Lockdown

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