“…Students have been found to benefit from specific and reliable feedback gained from both formative and summative assessments (Colwell, 1998; Salvador, 2011; Sicherl Kafol, Kordeš, & Holcar Brunauer, 2017; Zerull, 1990). Formative assessments have been defined as assessments conducted during learning, and have been one of the primary aspects of designing and differentiating instruction (Salvador, 2011; Saunders & Holahan, 1997; Sicherl Kafol et al, 2017). Music teachers have been said to engage in formative assessment whenever they listen critically to student performance/practice, make judgments, and provide feedback (Saunders & Holahan, 1997).…”