Assessment Method of Numerical Prediction Models for Combined Heat, Air and                Moisture Transfer in Building Components: Benchmarks for One-dimensional Cases

Hagentoft, Carl-Eric; Kalagasidis, Angela Sasic; Adl‐Zarrabi, Bijan; Roels, Staf; Carmeliet, Jan; Hens, Hugo; Grunewald, John; Funk, Max O.; Becker, Rachel; Shamir, Dina; Adan, O.C.G.; Brocken, H.J.P.; Kumaran, Kumar; Djebbar, R.

doi:10.1177/1097196304042436

Cited by 152 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Given the perfect mixing assumption, one node is used to represent the indoor environment. The material properties of brick are taken from the benchmark 'Response analysis' of the European project HAMSTAD [28]. Note that the capillary moisture content and water absorption coefficient of brick are 147 kg/m 3 and 0.14 kg/m 2 s 1/2 respectively.…”

Section: Condition Of Numerical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of wind-driven rain on historic brick wall buildings in a moderately cold and humid climate: Numerical analyses of mould growth risk, indoor climate and energy consumption

Abuku

Janssen

Roels

2009

Energy and Buildings

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115

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Section: Condition Of Numerical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of wind-driven rain on historic brick wall buildings in a moderately cold and humid climate: Numerical analyses of mould growth risk, indoor climate and energy consumption

Abuku

Janssen

Roels

2009

Energy and Buildings

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115

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“…As in the laboratory experiments, ceramic brick is used in the simulations as facade material. The material properties are taken from a previous international modelling benchmark case [4]. The initial relative humidity of the ceramic brick is set at 75 %.…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Of Absorption and Evaporation Of Wdrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the material properties of the ceramic brick used in this study, the reader is referred to Hagentoft et al [4]. For the experiment a specimen was cut out of a fired clay brick, resulting in a smooth surface as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Measurement Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a matter of fact, WDR is such a complicated boundary condition that in numerical simulations of heat and moisture transfer in building components, it is commonly implemented as a moisture flux averaged over space and time: over the surface area and over the time step of (hourly) climate data [e.g. 3,4]. This is a simplified approach which allows a speedy numerical simulation, but does not correspond to reality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact, absorption and evaporation of raindrops on building facades

Abuku

Janssen

Poesen

et al. 2009

Building and Environment

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Abstract:In this paper, the impact, absorption and evaporation of raindrops on building facades is investigated by experimental and numerical means. Laboratory experiments were carried out to study the impact of water drops with different diameters, impact speeds and impact angles on a porous building material surface (ceramic brick). The measurements showed that large drops with high impact speeds splash, and that drops with high impact speeds and small impact angles bounce. The measurements, furthermore, allowed measuring the maximum spreading length and width of the drops as a function of drop diameter, impact speed and impact angle. Then, a numerical analysis was performed to study the distribution of impact speed and angle for raindrops hitting the facade of a 4×4×10 m 3 tower building. The results demonstrated typical and important tendencies of impact angle and speed across the facade. Finally, the experimental and numerical data were used in a more precise three-dimensional simulation of impact, absorption and evaporation of random and discrete wind-driven raindrops. This was compared with the common one-dimensional simulation of absorption and evaporation at the facade considering a continuous uniform rain load as boundary condition, and significant differences between the two approaches were observed.

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“…The limited sample height and the high capillary pressure levels involved make the effect of gravity negligible. Material properties for the ceramic brick are taken from [15] and are illustrated in Figure 1 (alphanumeric data are gathered in appendix). The initial and boundary conditions for one-dimensional free water uptake by 10 cm ceramic brick are:…”

Section: Benchmark Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Kronrod–Patterson integration of non‐linear finite element matrices

Janssen

2009

Numerical Meth Engineering

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Efficient simulation of unsaturated moisture flow in porous media is of great importance in many engineering fields. The highly non-linear character of unsaturated flow typically gives sharp moving moisture fronts during wetting and drying of materials with strong local moisture permeability and capacity variations as result. It is shown that such conflict with the common preference for low-order numerical integration in finite-element simulations of unsaturated moisture flow: inaccurate numerical integration leads to errors that are often far more important than errors from inappropriate discretisation. In response, this paper develops adaptive integration, based on nested Kronrod-Patterson-Gauss integration schemes: basically, the integration order is adapted to the locally observed grade of non-linearity. Adaptive integration is developed based on a standard infiltration problem, and it is demonstrated that serious reductions in the numbers of required integration points and discretisation nodes can be obtained, thus significantly increasing computational efficiency. The multidimensional applicability is exemplified with two-dimensional wetting and drying applications. While developed for finite-element unsaturated moisture transfer simulation, adaptive integration is similarly applicable for other non-linear problems and other discretisation methods. And whereas perhaps outperformed by mesh-adaptive techniques, adaptive integration requires much less implementation and computation. Both techniques can moreover be easily combined.

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Assessment Method of Numerical Prediction Models for Combined Heat, Air and Moisture Transfer in Building Components: Benchmarks for One-dimensional Cases

Cited by 152 publications

References 4 publications

Impact of wind-driven rain on historic brick wall buildings in a moderately cold and humid climate: Numerical analyses of mould growth risk, indoor climate and energy consumption

Impact of wind-driven rain on historic brick wall buildings in a moderately cold and humid climate: Numerical analyses of mould growth risk, indoor climate and energy consumption

Impact, absorption and evaporation of raindrops on building facades

Adaptive Kronrod–Patterson integration of non‐linear finite element matrices

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