Assessment of 2D:4D ratio for the early diagnosis of caries and malocclusion in 7-15-year-old children

Issrani, Rakhi; Aljohani, Fahad Muqbil; Prabhu, Namdeo; Alam, Mohammad Khursheed

doi:10.3329/bjms.v20i1.50362

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…The root canal system's microbiology, microbial pathogenic agents, and the human immune reaction interact in a complicated way to cause apical periodontitis. [5][6][7] The burden of periodontitis at periapical region is significant worldwide. Nearly 23 million endodontic procedures are reportedly performed each year in Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Association Between Infection of Endodontic Origin, Their Management and Systemic Health: A Narrative Literature Review

Sindi

2023

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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Objective: The most common dental condition is root canal infection. A focal infection is a localised or widespread infection that is caused by the systemic spread of microbes or their metabolites from one or more different foci of infection. A focus of infection, which is described as "a restricted area that is continuously infected with hazardous bacteria," may exist everywhere in the body. In the literature on medicine and dentistry, the tonsils, adenoids, oral tissues, and other structures have all been considered as potential infection sites. This review will evaluate the current research on the dynamic relationships between infections of endodontic origin, endodontic therapy, and overall health in light of new information that has since come to light. Methods and materials: A comprehensive search was conducted for all non-grey literature published using the online platforms PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus, web of sciences. To make sure that all pertinent studies were found, the succeeding search keywords were applied.: “endodontic infections”, “systemic conditions”, “management”, “apical periodontitis”, “diabetes”, “hypertension”. Furthermore, all appropriate scientific papers on role of endodontic infections and their management in different systemic diseases were included. 18 articles were included in the review. Results: Articles showed that the advancement and progression of CVDs have been linked to higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in individuals with periodontitis at root apex, according to a number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Persistent periodontitis at root apex may influence the onset and development of atherosclerosis through a number of different possible mechanisms. The literature provides significant support for the notion that people with DM had higher rates of apical periodontitis, larger periapical lesions, and more periapical infections than patients without diabetes. Conclusion: There is growing evidence that prolonged apical periodontitis-related bacteraemia and reduced inflammatory cytokines may have a deleterious impact on systemic health, including CVD development, autoimmune disorders, and diabetic metabolic dysregulation. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.22 (Special Issue) 2023 p.78-88

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Association Between Infection of Endodontic Origin, Their Management and Systemic Health: A Narrative Literature Review

Sindi

2023

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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Does the 2D:4D Ratio Exhibit Sexual Dimorphism in Skeletal Malocclusions? A Retrospective Study

Çiçek

2024

J Int Dent Sci

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Objective: It is noteworthy that the 2D:4D ratio, also called as the ratio of the length of the second digit (2D) to the length of the fourth digit (4D), which has the ability to remain stable lifetime, is associated with various hormones and craniofacial skeletal development as a biomarker in early diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and sagittal skeletal malocclusions. Materials and Method: A total of 117 patients (57 females, mean age 13.44±1.98; 60 males, mean age 13.56±2.14) with normal vertical angles were included, and the groups were divided into skeletal classes I, II and III according to the ANB angle. The skeletal class I group consisted of patients with ideal values for both SNA and SNB angles. The skeletal groups were further divided into female and male subgroups by gender. SNA, SNB, SN/GoGn and ANB angles and ANS-PNS and Go-Pog lengths were measured on pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs. Digit length measurements were performed with a digital caliper capable of measuring up to 0.01 mm. The 2D:4D ratio was calculated for each group by dividing the 2D length by the 4D length. Statistical analyzes were performed with independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA in normally distributed data, and Kruskal-Wallis and Man-Whitney U tests in non-normally distributed data. Statistical significance level was accepted as p < 0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between right and left 2D:4D ratios and right and left digit lengths of the same hand in skeletal classes. While statistically significant sexual dimorphism was observed in digit lengths and 2D:4D ratios in skeletal class Is, it was observed that the significance decreased as the severity of malocclusion increased. No significant difference was found in terms of sexual dimorphism in skeletal class IIIs. There was no significantly difference between the skeletal groups in terms of 2D:4D ratio and length measurements. Conclusions: Sexual dimorphism was seen in all parameters, especially in skeletal class I patients, and it was found that males had more 2D and 4D lengths and a lower 2D:4D ratio than females. It was also concluded that as the severity of malocclusion increased, the statistical significance of the parameters observed with sexual dimorphism decreased. The fact that sexual dimorphism is fully seen in skeletal class Is but not in skeletal class III has led to the use of the 2D:4D ratio as a diagnostic biomarker in the early diagnosis of sagittal skeletal malocclusions by gender.

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Assessment of 2D:4D ratio for the early diagnosis of caries and malocclusion in 7-15-year-old children

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of Association Between Infection of Endodontic Origin, Their Management and Systemic Health: A Narrative Literature Review

Evaluation of Association Between Infection of Endodontic Origin, Their Management and Systemic Health: A Narrative Literature Review

Does the 2D:4D Ratio Exhibit Sexual Dimorphism in Skeletal Malocclusions? A Retrospective Study

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