Assessment of 4‐Aminoantipyrine Degradation and Mineralization by Photoelectro‐Fenton with a Boron‐Doped Diamond Anode: Optimization, Treatment in Municipal Secondary Effluent, and Toxicity

Abstract

a] 4-Aminoantipyrine (4-AA), a persistent metabolite of dipyrone found in natural water, has been treated in 100 mL of aqueous 0.050 M Na 2 SO 4 solutions at pH 3.0 by photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) with a 4 W UVA lamp. The assays were performed in a cell equipped with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and an air-diffusion cathode for H 2 O 2 generation. The formation of an unstable Fe(III)-4-AA complex with 1 : 2 molar ratio was evidenced. A 2 4 central composite design was used to assess the effect of four independent variables on PEF performance.The optimized conditions for 62.5 mg L À 1 4-AA were: current density of 77.5 mA cm À 2 and 47.75 mg L À 1 Fe 2 + , yielding 99 % 4-AA degradation at 7 min, and 45 % 4-AA mineralization with 3.2 % mineralization current efficiency at 130 min. Slightly slower degradation and similar mineralization were obtained under these conditions when 4-AA was spiked into a municipal secondary effluent, showing a low influence of natural organic matter on PEF. The initially high acute toxicity determined using Artemia salina was largely diminished upon PEF treatment.

In-situ dosage of Fe2+ catalyst using natural pyrite for thiamphenicol mineralization by photoelectro-Fenton process

“…Freshwater contains a large number of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, as a result of their wide use in veterinary and human medicine. These residues are classified as organic micropollutants with a negative impact on the aquatic ecosystems and humans even at trace level (Brillas and Sirés, 2015;Ebele et al, 2017;Miller et al, 2018;da Silva et al, 2019).…”

“…The electrochemical AOPs (so-called EAOPs) based on H2O2 electrogeneration, like electro-oxidation with electrogenerated H2O2 (EO-H2O2), electro-Fenton (EF) and photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) have recently experienced an impressive development for the treatment of biorecalcitrant organic pollutants (Feng et al, 2013;Sirés et al, 2014;Brillas and Sirés, 2015;da Silva et al, 2019). This set of technologies is particularly well suited for water treatment due to the inherent simplicity and safe conditions, high effectiveness and easy scaleup.…”

Combined Toxicity of Methylparaben and Propylparaben in Artemia salina and Allium cepa Applying Experimental Design

“…While negative coefficients indicate that toxicity efficiency is improved at lower concentrations. Furthermore, the synergistic effect in the interaction between variables shows a positive coefficient, unlike of antagonistic effect with a negative coefficient [28,29,30].…”