Assessment of a new prototype hydrogel CO
                2
               sensor; comparison with air tonometry

Steege, Rinze W. F. ter; Herber, S.; Olthuis, Wouter; Bergveld, Piet; Berg, Albert van den; Kolkman, Jeroen J.

doi:10.1007/s10877-006-9060-x

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Finally, in a previous study by our group, three well-trained asymptomatic volunteers performed the same exercise protocol as used in this study. Their mean gastric gradient at maximum intensity exercise was 2.5 kPa, which is similar to the findings in the current study 16. Although our results show that after correction for difference in exercise intensity, the gastric and jejunal gradients of athletes with complaints during the exercise test exhibited a stronger increase per mmol/l lactate than those of athletes without symptoms, this was not statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Abdominal symptoms during physical exercise and the role of gastrointestinal ischaemia: a study in 12 symptomatic athletes

et al. 2011

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GI ischaemia was present in all athletes during maximum intensity exercise and in 50% during submaximal exercise. Athletes with GI symptoms had higher gastric gradients per mmol/l increase in lactate, suggesting an increased susceptibility for the development of ischaemia during exercise. Treatment advice aimed at limiting GI ischaemia helped the majority of the referred athletes to reduce their complaints. Our results suggest an important role for GI ischaemia in the pathophysiology of their complaints.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…We have previously shown that GI ischaemia occurs frequently during high-intensity exercise in asymptomatic subjects 15 16. In the current study, GI ischaemia was present in all subjects referred for exercise-induced GI symptoms, irrespective of whether or not their symptoms were provoked by our exercise test.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Abdominal symptoms during physical exercise and the role of gastrointestinal ischaemia: a study in 12 symptomatic athletes

et al. 2011

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“…showed that a 10‐min exercise test to maximal intensity in healthy volunteers resulted in gastrointestinal ischaemia, but did not result in the development of GI‐symptoms . We confirmed these observations in healthy, well‐trained asymptomatic patients . Thus, although decreased GI blood flow is present in most people exercising at submaximal levels for 30 min or more, or at maximal levels for shorter times, the relation with development of GI‐complaints has not been established so far.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Changes In Splanchnic Blood Flow During Psupporting

confidence: 81%

Review article: the pathophysiology and management of gastrointestinal symptoms during physical exercise, and the role of splanchnic blood flow

Steege

Kolkman

2012

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

106

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Summary Background The prevalence of exercise‐induced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms has been reported up to 70%. The pathophysiology largely remains unknown. Aim To review the physiological and pathophysiological changes of the GI‐tract during physical exercise and the management of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods Search of the literature published in the English and Dutch languages using the Pubmed database to review the literature that focused on the relation between splanchnic blood flow (SBF), development of ischaemia, postischaemic endotoxinemia and motility. Results During physical exercise, the increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) redistributes blood flow from the splanchnic organs to the working muscles. With prolonged duration and/or intensity, the SBF may be decreased by 80% or more. Most studies point in the direction of increased SNS‐activity as central driving force for reduction in SBF. A severely reduced SBF may frequently cause GI ischaemia. GI‐ischaemia combined with reduced vagal activity probably triggers changes in GI‐motility and GI absorption derangements. GI‐symptoms during physical exercise may be prevented by lowering the exercise intensity, preventing dehydration and avoiding the ingestion of hypertonic fluids. Conclusions Literature on the pathophysiology of exercise‐induced GI‐symptoms is scarce. Increased sympathetic nervous system activity and decreased splanchnic blood flow during physical exercise seems to be the key factor in the pathogenesis of exercise‐induced GI‐symptoms, and this should be the target for symptom reduction.

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“…While the results obtained by many researchers highlight the promising nature of hydrogels in biomedical sensors, work has yet to be done to demonstrate the ability of hydrogels to respond to small changes in pH and other analyte concentrations in solution. Some researchers have proposed utilizing hydrogel based sensors in implantable devices [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. There are others who have focused on hydrogel-based sensors for use in measuring changes in systemic pH changes in the human body [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Hydrogels Designed for use in Microfabricated Sensor Arrays

et al. 2013

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Hydrogels are considered smart materials because they respond to environmental stimuli. Sensors that monitor the body's pH levels would be helpful for doctors to determine the severity of a patient's condition, especially if they exhibit signs of shock. The motivation of this project is to create a biomedical device that can be worn sublingually or implanted into the body to help doctors with diagnosing a patient's condition. The magnitude of the swelling/deswelling behavior can be measured by placing a sample of the hydrogel in a piezoresistive sensor. The degree of swelling/deswelling is directly proportional to the change in pH of the aqueous solution it is placed in. In this study, a variety of compositions of pH responsive hydrogels were designed and tested to determine the response time and magnitude for use in both macro and micro sensor arrays. This pressure sensor has been designed for use with thinner gels than have been used in the past. The results for swelling time and magnitude were compared to determine the effect of the thickness of the hydrogel samples on the swelling/deswelling kinetics of the material in order to find the appropriate composition, thickness and device that will yield the desired response rate and sensitivity.

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Assessment of a new prototype hydrogel CO 2 sensor; comparison with air tonometry

Abstract: The hydrogel carbon dioxide sensor enabled fast and accurate pCO(2) measurement in a controlled environment but is very temperature dependent. The current prototype hydrogel sensor is still too unstable for clinical use, and should therefore be improved.

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Abdominal symptoms during physical exercise and the role of gastrointestinal ischaemia: a study in 12 symptomatic athletes

Abdominal symptoms during physical exercise and the role of gastrointestinal ischaemia: a study in 12 symptomatic athletes

Review article: the pathophysiology and management of gastrointestinal symptoms during physical exercise, and the role of splanchnic blood flow

Smart Hydrogels Designed for use in Microfabricated Sensor Arrays

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