Assessment of a soil with moderate level of contamination using lettuce seed assay and terrestrial isopods assimilation assay

Abstract

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds play a significant role in toxicity tests of isolated chemicals, pesticides, and environmental samples. Commonly, the main variables under study are the rate of seed germination and root elongation at the end of five days of exposure. Another organisms used in environmental assessment of soil quality are terrestrial isopods. The parameter evaluated in this assay is usually mortality rate. In this study, we suggest to use the daily number of germinated seeds and wet weight of plants, and feeding measurements (consumption rate, assimilation rate, assimilation efficiency and growth rate) in woodlice (Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio dilatatus) to detect toxicity of moderately contaminated soil samples. The lettuce seed assay proved to be more efficient in the tested conditions, however, we do not reject the use of feeding parameters in terrestrial isopods in toxicological screening of contaminated soils.

Recycling of Post‐Consumer HDPE Drug Packaging with Banana Pseudostem Fiber

“…All samples without compatibilizer (HDPER5, HDPER10 and HDPER15) exhibited lower values than those to which maleic anhydride had been added (HDPERC5, HDPERC10 and HDPERC15). These results are in line with the literature consulted, which indicates a need to treat the fiber or use a compatibilizer because of the hydrophobic characteristics of the polyethylene and the hydrophilic characteristics of natural fiber …”

“…A comparative assessment of the micrographs and of the results of the stress x deformation experiments revealed that the best formulation was HDPERC5, in which there were no spaces between the polymeric matrix and the fibers, as predicted by studies consulted by the authors …”

Effects of leaf litter traits on terrestrial isopod and millipede consumption, assimilation and growth

“…spring temperatures) and natural current‐day field conditions. For example, in studies investigating the effects of elevated CO 2 levels (Hättenschwiler et al., 1999; Hättenschwiler & Bretscher, 2001), heavy metal pollution (Calhôa et al., 2006; da Silva Junior et al., 2013; Tourinho et al., 2015; Valant et al., 2012), pesticides (Ribeiro et al., 2001), antibiotics (Zimmer et al., 2001), biodegradable plastics (Wood & Zimmer, 2014), dessication (Iatrou & Stamou, 1989; Leclercq‐Dransart et al., 2019) and salinity (Škarková et al., 2016) on RCR/RAR/RGR, only data from the control groups were utilized. RCRs from the consumption of mixed‐species litters or artificial resources were also excluded since plant trait data could not be obtained for these.…”

“…We found a total of 456 observations for RCR (351 after removing observations for which trait data could not be obtained; Figure 1a), 187 for RAR (128; Figure 1b) and 98 for RGR (71; Figure 1c) from 56 articles (Table S1). The vast majority of these articles involved study sites in the Northern Hemisphere, especially Europe (Figure S1a), with only three (Catalán et al., 2008; da Silva Junior et al., 2013; Wood et al., 2012) in the Southern Hemisphere and three (Ashwini & Sridhar, 2005; Dudgeon et al., 1990; Roy & Joy, 2009) in the tropics (Figure S1a). From these articles, 251 unique consumer species–resource species interactions were observed between 49 consumer species and 121 resource species.…”

Aproveitamento da água residual do processamento do pescado em irrigação

“…Atualmente, a alface é uma das plantas mais estudadas em testes de toxicidade, devido à germinação rápida e homogênea (CAMPAGNA-FERNANDES et al, 2016) e sensibilidade a contaminantes ambientais (DA SILVA JÚNIOR et al, 2013). No entanto, grande parte dos trabalhos realizados baseou-se apenas em testes de germinação, de modo que pouca ênfase foi dada à avaliação dos comprimentos de raiz e parte aérea.…”