Assessment of Abdominal Obesity using 3D Body Scanning Technology

Abstract

Abdominal obesity is an important contributor for health risk factors such as hypertension

Digital Anthropometry: A Systematic Review on Precision, Reliability and Accuracy of Most Popular Existing Technologies

“…Differences between two methods were found. A statistically significant overestimation between means obtained with DA and CA was observed for waist circumferences (Japar’s study: 85.34 vs. 84.63 cm, p < 0.05 [ 28 ]; Wells’s study: 83.15 vs. 81.65, p < 0.001 [ 48 ]; Koepke’s study: 81.38 vs. 80.31 cm, p < 0.001 [ 24 ]), hip circumferences (Japar’s study: 103.47 vs. 94.88 cm, p < 0.01 [ 28 ]; Koepke’s study: 99.19 vs. 94.77 cm, p < 0.01 [ 24 ]), chest circumferences (Koepke’s study: 97.62 vs. 93.82 cm, p < 0.001 [ 24 ]), and buttock circumferences (Koepke’s study: 97.23 vs. 84.61 cm, p < 0.001 [ 24 ]). This was also confirmed by Bland–Altman plots that highlighted a systematic bias and a proportional bias in circumference of waist [ 27 ].…”

“…The 4693 participants in the 28 studies have an average age of 27.8 ± 12.6 years (range 2–83). Some studies evaluated only male subjects [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], while others evaluated only female subjects [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], but both sexes are considered equally: 52% of participants were females, while 48% were males. Regarding the country of origin, nineteen studies were published in the USA [ 26 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ], three in Switzerland [ 24 , 25 , 27 ], one in the United Kingdom [ 48 ], two in Slovenia [ 49 , 50 ], one in Malaysia [ 28 ], one in Italy [ 30 ] and one in China [ 51 ].…”

“…The overall quality score of the studies was fourteen out of twenty. Nine studies had a quality score of sixteen [ 26 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 47 ], eight studies of fifteen [ 24 , 25 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 39 ], three studies of fourteen [ 30 , 37 , 48 ], four studies of thirteen [ 27 , 33 , 35 , 50 ], one study of twelve [ 46 ], two studies of eleven [ 28 , 49 ], and one study of nine [ 51 ]. The overall quality of the studies included in the review is good.…”

“…As for body shape, Japar and Koepke observed significant differences for Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR). Koepke reported a WHR of 0.82 in DA vs. 0.85 in CA, and Japar reported 0.82 in DA vs. 0.89 in CA; for Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR), Koepke reported a value of 0.46 in DA vs. 0.45 in CA, with p < 0.001 [ 24 , 28 ].…”

Development of a Web Application Based on Human Body Obesity Index and Self-Obesity Diagnosis Model Using the Data Mining Methodology

“…In 2017, Japar et al determined that there is a limit to measuring obesity through BMI and in evaluating abdominal obesity. Underweight, normal, overweight, and obese subjects were analyzed in four categories, and 3% were classified as abdominal obese, which could not be measured by the actual BMI index [21]. In the same year, although BMI is an indicator used for everyone, obesity information was determined by comparing body fat index of body type by height in estimating BMI level of young people in order to be accurate in diagnosing obesity of young people.…”