“…Previous studies have relied on proxies of stress such as blood stress chemistry (e.g., Brooks et al, 2011;Hyatt et al, 2011) and hormone levels (Barton, 2002), tag and recapture data (e.g., Francis, 1989;Hueter et al, 2006) or satellite and acoustic telemetry (e.g., Holts and Bedrofd, 1993;Hoolihan et al, 2011;Sepulveda et al, 2015;Skomal, 2006). Although the physiological proxies have revealed high inter-specific variability in the response to capture stress (Frick et al, 2010;Hyatt et al, 2011;Mandelman and Skomal, 2009;Marshall et al, 2012), very few studies have correlated these stress values to actual animal outcomes, and the ability of these proxies to predict post-release mortality or sub-lethal effects is largely untested. Tag-recapture studies require large sample sizes of frequently caught species and may take years of recapture data collection to provide an assessment (Hueter et al, 2006).…”