Assessment of acid strength in sodium-exchanged resin catalysts: Consequences on glycerol etherification with isobutene in batch and flow reactors

Bozkurt, Özge Deniz; Bağlar, Nur; Çelebi, Süleyman; Uzun, Alper

doi:10.1016/j.mcat.2018.12.027

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…They observed that a partial substitution of acidic protons with Na + , Ag + , Mg 2+ , and Al 3+ gave rise to a decrease in the rate of all the processes involved in the reaction, including the IB oligomerization that was efficiently suppressed, obtaining less than 50% of di-isobutene (DIB). Very recently, Bozkurt et al [43] studied the influence of the degree of sodium-exchange in Amberlyst-15 acidity, evaluating the behavior of these catalysts in batch and flow reactors. Authors observed from the ammonium-temperature programmed desorption (TPD) measurements and density functional dispersion (DFT) calculations, that a substitution of the protons of the sulfonic groups in A-15 with Na + cations promoted a decrease in acidity, as was expected, but also promoted an increase in the strength of these acid sites.…”

Section: Etherification Of Glycerol With Isobutenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the process designs and experimental settings, very few studies on the production of glycerol ether in continuous reactors, over heterogeneous catalysts, have been published to date [43]. Di Serio et al [59] have reported a process for the production of h-GTBE employing the Amberlist-15 as a catalyst, in which those desired products were extracted by using biodiesel.…”

Section: Experimental Designs Reported To Date For Glycerol Etherificmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of the Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives by Glycerol Etherification, Either with Isobutene or tert-Butyl Alcohol, over Heterogeneous Catalysts

et al. 2019

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Biodiesel production has considerably increased in recent decades, generating a surplus of crude glycerol, which is the main drawback for the economy of the process. To overcome this, many scientists have directed their efforts to transform glycerol, which has great potential as a platform molecule, into value-added products. A promising option is the preparation of oxygenate additives for fuel, in particular those obtained by the etherification reaction of glycerol with alcohols or olefins, mainly using heterogeneous catalysis. This review collects up-to-date research findings in the etherification of glycerol, either with isobutene (IB) or tert-Butyl alcohol (TBA), highlighting the best catalytic performances reported. Furthermore, the experimental sets employed for these reactions have been included in the present manuscript. Likewise, the characteristics of the glycerol ethers–(bio)fuel blends as well as their performances (e.g., quality of emissions, technical advantages or disadvantages, etc.) have been also compiled and discussed.

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Section: Etherification Of Glycerol With Isobutenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Designs Reported To Date For Glycerol Etherificmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives by Glycerol Etherification, Either with Isobutene or tert-Butyl Alcohol, over Heterogeneous Catalysts

et al. 2019

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“…Different researches on etherification of glycerol are reviewed (Table 6) (Ancillotti & Fattore, 1998;Behr & Obendorf, 2002;Bookong et al, 2015;Bozkurt, Baglar, et al, 2019;Bozkurt, Yılmaz, et al 2019;Cannilla et al, 2015;Decolatti et al, 2014;dos Santos et al, 2019;Estevez Figure 14. Provision of glycerol ethers from the reaction between glycerol and isobutene with different molar ratios.…”

Section: Glycerol Etherification (Ge)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Different scenarios of glycerin conversion to combustible products and their effects on compression ignition engine as fuel additive: a review

Shoar

Najafi

Band

et al. 2021

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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“…In the literatures that have been reported, glycerol usually reacted with isobutylene to obtain higher conversion and selectivity of multi-substituted tert-butyl glycerol ethers [16][17][18][19]. However, the reaction of the two has many limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Biofuel Additives from Glycerol Etherification Using Zirconia Supported Phosphotungstic Acid

et al. 2021

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Using etherification to convert glycerol into biofuel additives is an effective way to solve the current problem of excess glycerol. In this study, a series of environmentally friendly (x)HPW/ZrO 2 catalysts were synthesized for the etherification of glycerol and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). The internal microstructure and acidity analysis of the synthesized samples were derived from BET, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, NH 3 -TPD and Py-FTIR. The results revealed that the synthesized catalysts retained the complete Keggin structure of phosphotungstic acid (HPW) which supported on it. The (15)HPW/ZrO 2 catalyst with suitable structure and acidity had an excellent catalytic effect on the etherification reaction. Driven by the (15) HPW/ZrO 2 catalyst, the optimal reaction conditions were determined from parameters of reaction temperature, time, molar rate of glycerol and TBA, and catalyst dosage. 93.2% glycerol conversion and 42.5% selectivity of multi-substituted tert-butyl glycerol ethers (DTBG + TTBG) were obtained under optimal conditions. In addition, even after a total of four consecutive reactions, (15)HPW/ZrO 2 catalyst still demonstrated relatively good catalytic activity.

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Assessment of acid strength in sodium-exchanged resin catalysts: Consequences on glycerol etherification with isobutene in batch and flow reactors

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

An Overview of the Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives by Glycerol Etherification, Either with Isobutene or tert-Butyl Alcohol, over Heterogeneous Catalysts

An Overview of the Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives by Glycerol Etherification, Either with Isobutene or tert-Butyl Alcohol, over Heterogeneous Catalysts

Different scenarios of glycerin conversion to combustible products and their effects on compression ignition engine as fuel additive: a review

Production of Biofuel Additives from Glycerol Etherification Using Zirconia Supported Phosphotungstic Acid

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