Assessment of Aerobic Biodegradability for Vegetable Tanning Process Wastewater Generated from Leather Industry

Balakrishnan, Abirami; Kameswari, K. Sri Bala; Chitra, K. C.

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5795-3_14

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…after 26 days, while the industrial effluent with tannins displayed only 39.2% of BOD removal after 26 days with a degradation of tannins lower than 12%. This result is in agreement with a study of an aerobic degradation of a similar industrial affluent where the biodegradability was in the range of 24 to 34 % with minimal degradation of tannins (Balakrishnan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of an industrial effluent from vegetable tannery processing of leather on batch reactors

Canon¹,

Angelis-Dimakis²,

Ospina-Mora

2020

Global NEST: The International Journal

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<p>In this study, the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of the industrial wastewater from the vegetable tanning process were evaluated. Water from a food wastewater treatment system was used as seed inoculum for the aerobic process and mature granular methanogenic sludge from a brewery industrial wastewater plant was used for the anaerobic process. The water from the tanning industry had a biological to chemical oxygen demand ratio of 33% with values of total chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the range of 342000 mg O2/L and total dissolved solids of 506595 mg/L. The assay of the tannery effluent under aerobic conditions resulted in a decrease of COD of 39.2% and a degradation of tannins lower than 12% after 26 days, while the anaerobic degradation showed a COD reduction of 65% with a 39% of degradation of tannins. The production of methane and Volatile Fatty Acids, during the anaerobic treatment, suggests a potential adaptation of biological organisms present in the mature anaerobic granular methanogenic sludge.</p>

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of an industrial effluent from vegetable tannery processing of leather on batch reactors

Canon¹,

Angelis-Dimakis²,

Ospina-Mora

2020

Global NEST: The International Journal

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“…The efficiency of the biological treatment of wastewater produced by the leather industry can be improved by adding a primary phase of enzymatic degradation of tannins, followed by the biological treatment for the decomposition of other constituents ( Balakrishnan et al, 2018 ). In this context, the use of tannases to hydrolyze tannins provides gallic acid and glucose as hydrolysis products and non-toxic and biodegradable substances, more susceptible to subsequent treatment ( Murugan and Al-Sohaibani, 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the presence of tannins, sulfides, and high salinity inhibits microbial growth and hinders the efficiency of biological treatment ( Mosca Angelucci et al, 2017 ). Tannin inactivates extracellular enzymes, forms cross-links with compounds present in the membranes of microbial cells, and inhibits the growth of fungi and bacteria ( Govindarajan et al, 2016 ; Balakrishnan et al, 2018 ). Efficient, clean, and environmentally sustainable methodologies attract worldwide attention to overcome the limitations of the effluent treatment processes by biological and chemical methods ( Dixit et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of the Tannase From Aspergillus fumigatus CAS21: Screening the Best Derivative for the Treatment of Tannery Effluent Using a Packed Bed Reactor

Cavalcanti

Maestrello

Guimarães³

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Enzyme immobilization is an important alternative to stabilize enzyme properties favoring the efficiency of derivatives (enzyme + support/matrix) for different purposes. According to this, the current study aimed to immobilize the Aspergillus fumigatus CAS21 tannase and the use of the derivatives in the treatment of the effluent produced by the tannery industry. The tannase was immobilized on sodium alginate, DEAE-Sephadex, amberlite, and glass pearls as supports. Calcium alginate was the most adequate support for tannase immobilization with 100% yield and 94.3% for both efficiency and activity. The best tannase activity for the calcium alginate derivative was obtained at 50°C–60°C and pH 5.0. Thermal and pH stabilities evaluated for 24 h at 30°C–60°C and pH 4–7, respectively, were improved if compared to the stability of the free enzyme. Considering the reuse of the calcium alginate derivative, 78% of the initial activity was preserved after 10 catalytic cycles, and after the 9-month storage at 4°C, the activity was maintained in 70%. This derivative was applied in a packed bed reactor (PBR) for the treatment of tannin-rich effluents from the tannery industry. The reduction of the tannin content was effective reaching degradation of 74–78% after 48 h of PBR operation. The concentration of total phenolic compounds was also reduced, and the color and clarity of the effluent improved. In conclusion, the calcium alginate derivative is an attractive alternative as biocatalyst for large-scale treatment of the effluents from the tannery industry.

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“…For processing 1 kg of skins/hides, around 16‐20 L of wastewater is generated, including washings during raw to vegetable tanning process 3 . The concentration of tannins present in the vegetable tanning process wastewater (VTW) alone will be around 19 000 mg/L 4 . It is mixed with other sectional streams and present in composite wastewater generated from raw to vegetable tanning process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the presence of tannins, the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of VTW was found to be very high with low biodegradability 4 . Due to variations in tanning practices, the conventional biological treatment systems in use for treating tannery wastewater are less effective in removing COD and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD 5 ) 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respirometric assessment of vegetable tanning process wastewater generated from tanneries

Balakrishnan

Kanchinadham

Chitra

2020

Engineering Reports

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Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of CHemicals (REACH) regulations insist on ready biodegradability information for organic chemicals that are used on a large scale in industries. Leather industry being one such, involves addition of organic chemicals that are obtained from plant extracts for vegetable tanning process. In view of the fact that biodegradability assessment is of paramount importance now for industrial wastewaters, a study was conducted on vegetable tanning process wastewater generated from tanneries. As per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) methods for ready biodegradability (301 C), respirometer studies were conducted on wastewater containing different tannin concentrations of 540 mg/L (T1), 900 mg/L (T2), and 1350 mg/L (T3). The oxygen uptake rate had shown a sharp initial peak at 74, 102, and 164 mg O 2 /d for the three samples T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The primary degradation % of tannins was found to be 78%, 50%, and 14% for T1, T2, and T3 respectively. The Chemical Oxygen Demand and Biochemical Oxygen Demand removal efficiency also decreased with increase in tannin concentration. The t 1/2 values of tannin, calculated using the first-order kinetic equation, was 8.8, 10.9, and 12.4 days and the experimentally observed t 1/2 values were 9.8, 11.5, and 12.6 days for T1, T2, and T3 respectively. This study establishes that presence of tannins in the aerobic treatment significantly affect the oxygen uptake when the tannin concentration is increased. This study emphasizes that ready biodegradability assessment is essential to establish biodegradability of all the organic chemicals used during leather making process.

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Assessment of Aerobic Biodegradability for Vegetable Tanning Process Wastewater Generated from Leather Industry

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Evaluation of the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of an industrial effluent from vegetable tannery processing of leather on batch reactors

Evaluation of the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of an industrial effluent from vegetable tannery processing of leather on batch reactors

Immobilization of the Tannase From Aspergillus fumigatus CAS21: Screening the Best Derivative for the Treatment of Tannery Effluent Using a Packed Bed Reactor

Respirometric assessment of vegetable tanning process wastewater generated from tanneries

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