Assessment of aflatoxin exposure using serum and urinary biomarkers in São Paulo, Brazil: A pilot study

Jager, Alessandra Vincenzi; Tonin, Fernando Gustavo; Baptista, Gabriela Zambelli; Souto, Pollyana Cristina Maggio de Castro; Oliveira, Carlos Augusto Fernandes de

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.12.003

Cited by 69 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…found no contaminated samples and had similar analytical accuracy with the limit of detection (LoD) ranging from 0.0013 to 0.0025 ng/mL [15,16]; Solfrizzo reports a limit of quantification (LoQ) of 0.02 ng/mL, and only 6% of samples over the LoQ [17]; in the Reggio Emilia study [14], 33% of the samples were over 0.02 ng/mL. Only surveys from industrialized countries with a tropical climate have found similar proportions of contaminated samples, although concentration values of aflatoxins were about ten times lower than those observed in our study [8,[18][19][20][21][22]; similar levels of contamination have been observed only in the surveys conducted in Africa and Asia [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Even though some results of the 2017 Reggio Emilia survey might suggest a small contribution from occupational exposure, it was clear that other sources of aflatoxins were present for the general population, with the most plausible exposure being food.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

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Association between Urinary Levels of Aflatoxin and Consumption of Food Linked to Maize or Cow Milk or Dairy Products

Ferri

Brera

Santis

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The aim of this analysis was to assess the association between consumption of maize and dairy products and urine and serum levels of aflatoxin FM1 (AFM1) in a sample of 59 males occupationally exposed (29) and non-exposed (30) to aflatoxins. Two urine samples were collected for each person; each sample was accompanied by a questionnaire on food consumption in the preceding 96 h. Given the similar levels of contamination found in exposed and non-exposed workers, the association between food consumption and AFM1 levels was analyzed by pooling samples from exposed and non-exposed workers. No serum sample was found to be positive for AFM1, whereas 74% of the urine samples were positive; the average concentration of positive samples was 0.042 ng/mL (range < limit of detection (LoD) (0.002)–0.399 ng/mL). Of the 21 samples from maize consumers, 13 were positive for AFM1 (62%), with a mean concentration of 0.026 ng/mL (range 0.006–0.088 ng/mL), while 76% (74/94) of the samples from maize non-consumers were positive (mean 0.045, range < LoD (0.002)–0.399 ng/mL). No association was found with milk or dairy products. The high urine level of aflatoxins found in both exposed and non-exposed workers was not associated with the consumption of maize or cow milk products.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…The short-term exposure to aflatoxins in humans can be monitored through urine and serum levels of toxin catabolites [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Urinary Levels of Aflatoxin and Consumption of Food Linked to Maize or Cow Milk or Dairy Products

Ferri

Brera

Santis

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Treatment × day: P = 0.009. lagher, 1994;Jager et al, 2016). Kidneys are larger in chickens that are exposed to AF than in those not exposed to AF (Kubena et al, 1998;Fowler et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of clay after an aflatoxin challenge on aflatoxin clearance, milk production, and metabolism of Holstein cows

Sulzberger

Melnichenko²,

Cardoso

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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Oral supplementation of clay to dairy cattle has been reported to reduce toxicity of aflatoxin (AF) in contaminated feed. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of 3 concentrations of dietary clay supplementation in response to an AF challenge. Ten multiparous rumen-cannulated Holstein cows [body weight (mean ± SD) = 669 ± 20 kg and 146 ± 69 d in milk], were assigned to 1 of 5 treatments in a randomized replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design balanced to measure carryover effects. Periods (21 d) were divided in an adaptation phase (d 1 to 14) and a measurement phase (d 15 to 21). From d 15 to 17, cows received an AF challenge. The challenge consisted of 100 μg of aflatoxin B (AFB)/kg of dietary dry matter intake (DMI). The material was fitted into 10-mL gelatin capsules and administered into the rumen through a rumen-cannula based on the average DMI obtained on d 12 to 14. Treatments were no clay plus an AF challenge (POS); 3 different concentrations of clay (0.5, 1, or 2% of dietary DMI) plus an AF challenge; and a control consisting of no clay and no AF challenge (C). Statistical analysis was performed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Two contrasts, CONT1 (POS vs. C) and CONT2 (POS vs. the average of 0.5, 1, and 2% clay), were compared along with the linear and quadratic treatment effects (POS, 0.5%, 1%, 2%). Cows supplemented with clay had lower AF excretion in milk as aflatoxin M (AFM; 0.5% = 20.83 μg/d, 1% = 22.82 μg/d, and 2% = 16.51 μg/d) and AF transfer from rumen fluid to milk (AFM 0.5% = 1.01%, 1% = 0.98%, and 2% = 0.74%) compared with cows in POS (AFM = 27.81 μg/d and AF transfer = 1.37%, CONT2). Similarly, concentrations of AFM in milk (0.5% = 0.35 μg/kg, 1% = 0.30 μg/kg, 2% = 0.25 μg/kg), AFB in feces (0.5% = 1.79 μg/g, 1% = 1.52 μg/kg, 2% = 1.48 μg/kg), and AFB in rumen fluid (0.5% = 0.05 μg/kg, 1% = 0.02 μg/kg, 2% = 0.02 μg/kg) were reduced in cows fed clay compared with POS (0.43 μg/kg, 2.78 μg/kg, and 0.10 μg/kg, respectively, CONT2). Cows supplemented with clay tended to have lower 3.5% fat-corrected milk [0.5% = 38.2 kg, 1% = 39.3 kg, 2% = 38.4 kg, standard error of the mean (SEM) = 1.8] than cows in POS (41.3 kg; SEM = 1.8; CONT2). Plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration tended to be lower for cows fed clay in the diet (0.5% = 2.16 U/mL, 1% = 1.90 U/mL, 2% = 2.3 U/mL; SEM = 0.3) than for cows in POS (2.72 U/mL; CONT2). Additionally, when cows were exposed to AF without clay in the diet, plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) decreased from 84.23 (C) to 79.17 (POS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) decreased from 91.02 (C) to 75.81 (POS). In conclusion, oral supplementation of clay reduced the transfer of AF from the rumen to milk and feces.

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“…Based on human and animal studies, AFB1-N7-Gua adduct in urine is considered the most reliable short term biomarker, with a halflife of 7.5 hours, for evaluating hazards and exposure to carcinogenic AFB1 (Dohnal et al 2014;Groopman et al 1993;Jager et al 2016;Wild and Turner 2002). Moreover, AFB1-lysine and aflatoxin-albumin adducts are considered as one of the best biomarkers for long term exposure in blood, due to the albumin half-life of 20 days (Jager et al 2016;Leong et al 2012). In this study, amongst all the tested markers urinary AFM1 was found to be very sensitive biomarker for monitoring human exposure to food contaminated with AFB1 (Jager et al 2016).…”

Section: Aflatoxin B1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin, fumonisin, ochratoxin, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol biomarkers in human biological fluids: A systematic literature review, 2001–2018

Al-Jaal

Jaganjac

Barcaru

et al. 2019

Food and Chemical Toxicology

144

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Assessment of aflatoxin exposure using serum and urinary biomarkers in São Paulo, Brazil: A pilot study

Cited by 69 publications

References 21 publications

Association between Urinary Levels of Aflatoxin and Consumption of Food Linked to Maize or Cow Milk or Dairy Products

Association between Urinary Levels of Aflatoxin and Consumption of Food Linked to Maize or Cow Milk or Dairy Products

Effects of clay after an aflatoxin challenge on aflatoxin clearance, milk production, and metabolism of Holstein cows

Aflatoxin, fumonisin, ochratoxin, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol biomarkers in human biological fluids: A systematic literature review, 2001–2018

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