Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Dogs and cats

Nielsen, Søren Saxmose; Bicout, Dominique; Calistri, Paolo; Drewe, Julian Ashley; Garin‐Bastuji, Bruno; Rojas, José Luis Gonzales; Schmidt, Christian Gortázar; Herskin, Mette S.; Michel, Virginie; Chueca, Miguel Ángel Miranda; Padalino, Barbara; Pasquali, Paolo; Roberts, Helen Clare; Sihvonen, Liisa; Spoolder, Hans; Ståhl, Karl; Velarde, Antonio; Viltrop, Arvo; Winckler, Christoph; Guardabassi, Luca; Hilbert, Friederike; Mader, Rodolphe; Aznar, Inma; Baldinelli, Francesca; Álvarez, Julio

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6680

Cited by 16 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A European multicentre study involving 14 countries and collecting data between 2008 and 2013 also showed that, overall, E. coli was the most frequently identified bacteria in UTI cases from dogs and cats, accounting for 59.5% and 59.3% of all isolates analysed (Marques et al, 2018 ). Information on the proportion of antimicrobial resistance in clinical E. coli from dogs and cats is reported in Table 2 according EFSA AHAW Panel ( 2021a ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance to antibiotics varied tremendously between studies and countries and even within countries. The proportion of resistance reported in individual studies with at least 50 E. coli isolates, sorted by continent, is presented in Figure 1 (EFSA AHAW Panel, 2021a ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… E. coli resistance data for each included study sorted by continent (obtained from EFSA AHAW Panel ( 2021a )). The total number of studies by continent and antimicrobial is reported on the right side.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AMR E. coli causing infections in cats and dogs was reported in 14 MSs (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Sweden), in horses in three MSs (France, Italy and Sweden), in sheep and goats in France, in cattle in nine MSs (Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Poland and Sweden), in swine in eight MSs (Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden), and in poultry in 10 MSs (Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Slovakia and Sweden) (EFSA AHAW Panel, 2021a , 2021b , 2021c , 2021d , 2021e , 2021f ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global state of play for AMR animal pathogens that cause transmissible animal diseases (ToR 1) and the results of the assessment of the most relevant AMR bacteria in the EU (first part of ToR 2) for dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats were published in separate EFSA scientific opinions (EFSA AHAW Panel, 2021a , 2021b , 2021c , 2021d , 2021e , 2021f ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial‐resistant Escherichia coli in dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats

Nielsen¹,

Bicout²,

Calistri³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) was identified among the most relevant antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) bacteria in the EU for dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats in previous scientific opinions. Thus, it has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9 and Article 8 for listing animal species related to the bacterium. The assessment has been performed following a methodology previously published. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether AMR E. coli can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (33–66% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that the bacterium does not meet the criteria in Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Categories A, B, C and D; 0–5%, 5–10%, 10–33% and 10–33% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively) and the AHAW Panel was uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Section 5 (Category E, 33–66% probability of meeting the criteria). The animal species to be listed for AMR E. coli according to Article 8 criteria include mammals, birds, reptiles and fish.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial‐resistant Escherichia coli in dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats

Nielsen¹,

Bicout²,

Calistri³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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Intervention with impact: Reduced isolation of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from dogs following the introduction of antimicrobial prescribing legislation in Germany

Loeffler,

Beever,

Chang

et al. 2023

Veterinary Record

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BackgroundLegislation was introduced in Germany in 2018, requiring bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing before the prescription of fluoroquinolones and third‐generation cephalosporins to dogs. We hypothesised that, following this intervention, the number of clinical samples testing positive for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) would reduce.MethodsReports of S. pseudintermedius isolated from canine clinical samples by three German veterinary diagnostic microbiology laboratories during the 38 months before the introduction of the legislation and the 46 months after were compared. Bacterial identification was performed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed recognised recommendations but with changes during the study period.ResultsAmong a total of 120,571 S. pseudintermedius isolates, MRSP accounted for 7.1% overall. Following the legislative intervention, monthly submissions yielding S. pseudintermedius increased at all three laboratories. The MRSP percentage was lower in the period after the intervention in two of the three laboratories (p < 0.001); in the third laboratory, there was no change between periods, but a year‐on‐year reduction in MRSP percentages occurred after the intervention (p = 0.0004).LimitationsChanging susceptibility testing methods limited the direct comparison of resistance patterns among laboratories.ConclusionThe reduction in MRSP in canine clinical samples following the introduction of this legislation suggests a positive impact of compulsory laboratory testing on reducing antimicrobial resistance.

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Bartonella henselae mitral valve endocarditis associated with multi‐resistant Enterococcus faecalis bacteraemia in a cat

Colella,

Greco,

Cordisco

et al. 2023

Vet Record Case Reports

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Feline infective endocarditis is a difficult condition to detect and diagnose early, with a poor long‐term prognosis. This case report describes the clinical, laboratory, instrumental and histological findings in a 12‐year‐old cat with Bartonella henselae endocarditis associated with multi‐resistant Enterococcus faecalis bacteraemia. The latter pathogen recently emerged as deadly nosocomial bacteria in humans and is considered a common cause of infective endocarditis. The prolonged corticosteroid therapy administered in the cat probably played a role in the onset of B. henselae endocarditis and E. faecalis intestinal translocation and bacteraemia. Echocardiography remains the tool of choice to suspect infective endocarditis, as it can detect vegetative lesions consistent with this condition. Feline infective endocarditis should always be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats, especially when there are signs of systemic disease, a history of prolonged corticosteroid treatment or concomitant infections.

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Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Dogs and cats

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial‐resistant Escherichia coli in dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial‐resistant Escherichia coli in dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats

Intervention with impact: Reduced isolation of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from dogs following the introduction of antimicrobial prescribing legislation in Germany

Bartonella henselae mitral valve endocarditis associated with multi‐resistant Enterococcus faecalis bacteraemia in a cat

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