Assessment of antidiabetic potential and phytochemical profiling of Rhazya stricta root extracts

Abstract

Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that may occur due to genetic, environmental or lifestyle factors. Natural remedies have been used to treat diabetes since long and many antidiabetic compounds of varied efficacies have been isolated from medicinal plants. Rhazya stricta has been used for decades for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and associated ailments. Considering the folkloric use of R. stricta against diabetes, it was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of its root extracts against diabetes through in vitro assays and in vivo studies using animal model along with phytochemical profiling through GCMS. Methods Various fractions of Rhazya stricta obtained through column chromatography were evaluated for a variety of assays including α-glucosidase, Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), β-secretase and Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion studies. For the in vivo studies the alloxan-induced diabetic mice were treated with root extracts and blood glucose levels, HbA1C, and other biochemical markers along with the histological study of the liver were done. The phytochemical identification was performed using an Agilent 7890B GC coupled to a 7010 Triple Quadrupole (MS/MS) system. GraphPad Prism software version 5.01 was used for statistical analysis. Results Majority of the extract fractions showed excellent results against diabetes by inhibiting enzymes DPP-IV (Up to 61%) and β-secretase (Up to 83%) with IC50s 979 μg/ml and 169 μg/ml respectively with increase in the GLP1 secretion. The results of in vivo studies indicated a marked reduction in blood glucose and HbA1c levels along with positive effects on other parameters like lipid profile, liver functions and renal functions of extract-treated mice as compared to control. The histological examination of the liver demonstrated hepatoprotective effects against diabetes led changes and various classes of phytochemicals were also identified through GCMS in different fractions. Conclusion The results revealed strong antidiabetic activity of R. stricta root with the potential to protect body organs against diabetic changes. Moreover, a variety of phytochemicals has also been identified through GCMS that might be responsible for the antidiabetic potential of Rhazya stricta root. Graphical abstract

Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Helianthus tuberosus L. Induces Anti-Diabetic, and Wound-Healing Activities in Insulin-Resistant Human Liver Cancer and Mouse Fibroblast Cells

“…From these findings, the active fraction of H. tuberosus was found to inhibit irreversibly α-glycosidase and α-amylase. In line with previous findings, it is suggested that the phytochemicals present in the extracts or phytochemical-rich fractions slowdown the breakdown rate of polysaccharides, reduce the blood glucose level, and consequently suppress the post-prandial glucose level in blood [ 36 ]. These preliminary findings are consistent with the previously documented data from Jdir et al, who documented the similar trends of results [ 37 ].…”

Characteristics of Food Protein-Derived Antidiabetic Bioactive Peptides: A Literature Update

“…Nonetheless, findings from the few animal studies regarding the effects of the intact proteins, enzyme digestion proteins (hydrolysate), and peptides with diabetic models are promising. Most of the extract of proteins (non-hydrolysate proteins) with proven anti-diabetes effects in vivo are derived from medicinal plants such as H. rosa Sinensis leaves [50], Rhazya stricta root [176], Terminalia arjuna [51,177], Pueraria tuberosa [178], Amaranth grain [179], and Grapeseed [180], with one animal source exception of sea urchin gonads [56]. All of these demonstrated inhibitory activity against DPP-IV enzymes, corresponding to an increase in the secretion of GLP-1.…”

A Review of Rhazya stricta Decne Phytochemistry, Bioactivities, Pharmacological Activities, Toxicity, and Folkloric Medicinal Uses

“…Another study examined the metal content of R. stricta extract and discovered the presence of several metals, including Fe, Cd, Ar, Ma, Ca, Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb, K, Na, and Cu [26]. A study determined that R. stricta is rich in a variety of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and many other phytochemicals by analyzing the functional groups identified in the root extract [27]. Saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenols were detected in aqueous extract R. stricta during the phytochemical analysis [28] (Tables 2 and 3).…”

“…[27] 91712839 Fumaric acid, monoamide, N,N-dimethyl-, 1-naphthyl ester 176. [27] .beta.-Hydroxyquebrachamine 177.…”

“…The effects of R. stricta extract on adiponectin concentrations could be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes by increasing the adiponectin level [67]. R. stricta root extract demonstrated significant antidiabetic activity by inhibiting Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (up to 61%) and β-secretase (up to 83%) enzymes, resulting in an increase in glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion [27]. The ethyl acetate fraction of R. stricta is most effective at lowering blood glucose amounts in fasting and random conditions, and the lowering of blood glucose levels was similar to that of Glucophage, a basic antidiabetic drug [68].…”